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Optimize GroupValuesPrimitive::intern with vectorized hashing and inline values#21344

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Dandandan:optimize-primitive-group-values-intern
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Optimize GroupValuesPrimitive::intern with vectorized hashing and inline values#21344
Dandandan wants to merge 1 commit intoapache:mainfrom
Dandandan:optimize-primitive-group-values-intern

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@Dandandan
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Which issue does this PR close?

Related to #15961

Rationale for this change

Profiling SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT "UserID") FROM hits (ClickBench) showed GroupValuesPrimitive::intern as a hot spot, with hashbrown::raw::RawTable::reserve_rehash and GroupValuesPrimitive::intern dominating the flamegraph.

What changes are included in this PR?

Two optimizations for the single-column primitive GROUP BY hot path:

  1. Vectorized hashing: Split intern into two phases — batch hash computation via with_hashes (tight loop, better CPU pipelining) followed by hash table probing with pre-computed hashes. The original code interleaved hash computation with hash table probing on every row, preventing the CPU from pipelining the hash computation.

  2. Inline values in hash table: Store the actual value in each hash table entry (usize, T::Native) instead of (usize, u64) with an indirect lookup into a separate values vec. This eliminates one cache miss per probe (no pointer chase from hash table entry → values array) and removes the need to store the hash — the value can be rehashed from the inline copy when needed (rare, only during table growth).

Are these changes tested?

Existing tests cover this code path.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No, this is a performance optimization only.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

…ine values

Two optimizations for the single-column primitive GROUP BY hot path:

1. Vectorized hashing: Split intern into two phases — batch hash computation
   via with_hashes (tight loop, better pipelining) followed by hash table
   probing with pre-computed hashes.

2. Inline values in hash table: Store the actual value in each hash table
   entry (usize, T::Native) instead of (usize, u64) with an indirect lookup
   into a separate values vec. This eliminates one cache miss per probe and
   removes the need to store the hash — the value can be rehashed from the
   inline copy when needed (rare, only during table growth).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@github-actions github-actions bot added the physical-plan Changes to the physical-plan crate label Apr 3, 2026
@Dandandan
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run benchmarks

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🤖 Benchmark running (GKE) | trigger
Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB) | Linux bench-c4183596153-742-77b6d 6.12.55+ #1 SMP Sun Feb 1 08:59:41 UTC 2026 aarch64 GNU/Linux

CPU Details (lscpu)
Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected

Comparing optimize-primitive-group-values-intern (05b874d) to 1e93a67 (merge-base) diff using: clickbench_partitioned
Results will be posted here when complete


File an issue against this benchmark runner

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🤖 Benchmark running (GKE) | trigger
Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB) | Linux bench-c4183596153-743-xf9xk 6.12.55+ #1 SMP Sun Feb 1 08:59:41 UTC 2026 aarch64 GNU/Linux

CPU Details (lscpu)
Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected

Comparing optimize-primitive-group-values-intern (05b874d) to 1e93a67 (merge-base) diff using: tpcds
Results will be posted here when complete


File an issue against this benchmark runner

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🤖 Benchmark running (GKE) | trigger
Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB) | Linux bench-c4183596153-744-h9b94 6.12.55+ #1 SMP Sun Feb 1 08:59:41 UTC 2026 aarch64 GNU/Linux

CPU Details (lscpu)
Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected

Comparing optimize-primitive-group-values-intern (05b874d) to 1e93a67 (merge-base) diff using: tpch
Results will be posted here when complete


File an issue against this benchmark runner

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🤖 Benchmark completed (GKE) | trigger

Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB)

CPU Details (lscpu)
Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected
Details

Comparing HEAD and optimize-primitive-group-values-intern
--------------------
Benchmark tpch_sf1.json
--------------------
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Query     ┃                           HEAD ┃ optimize-primitive-group-values-intern ┃        Change ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ QQuery 1  │ 45.47 / 46.19 ±0.77 / 47.61 ms │         45.92 / 46.76 ±0.78 / 48.07 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 2  │ 21.23 / 21.34 ±0.12 / 21.53 ms │         21.12 / 21.36 ±0.34 / 22.02 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 3  │ 31.53 / 31.93 ±0.32 / 32.42 ms │         31.32 / 31.54 ±0.20 / 31.87 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 4  │ 20.59 / 21.23 ±0.59 / 22.27 ms │         20.54 / 20.91 ±0.38 / 21.60 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 5  │ 49.69 / 51.17 ±0.75 / 51.77 ms │         48.19 / 50.54 ±2.13 / 54.13 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 6  │ 17.03 / 17.75 ±0.88 / 19.49 ms │         16.99 / 17.28 ±0.30 / 17.83 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 7  │ 54.61 / 56.54 ±1.39 / 58.39 ms │         54.89 / 55.79 ±1.14 / 57.87 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 8  │ 47.88 / 48.58 ±0.65 / 49.79 ms │         47.55 / 47.78 ±0.15 / 48.00 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 9  │ 54.44 / 55.01 ±0.54 / 55.70 ms │         53.51 / 54.81 ±1.10 / 56.64 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 10 │ 70.56 / 71.63 ±0.61 / 72.26 ms │         71.00 / 71.68 ±0.70 / 73.01 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 11 │ 13.81 / 14.50 ±0.70 / 15.75 ms │         13.62 / 14.15 ±0.71 / 15.56 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 12 │ 27.76 / 28.43 ±0.58 / 29.35 ms │         27.64 / 28.19 ±0.51 / 29.15 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 13 │ 39.15 / 39.43 ±0.19 / 39.75 ms │         38.51 / 40.14 ±2.07 / 44.16 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 14 │ 28.52 / 28.91 ±0.40 / 29.69 ms │         28.17 / 28.49 ±0.27 / 28.98 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 15 │ 33.30 / 33.48 ±0.09 / 33.54 ms │         32.85 / 34.11 ±0.90 / 35.15 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 16 │ 15.91 / 16.35 ±0.40 / 17.09 ms │         15.78 / 16.22 ±0.41 / 16.92 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 17 │ 72.85 / 74.34 ±1.32 / 76.47 ms │         66.66 / 67.60 ±1.02 / 69.32 ms │ +1.10x faster │
│ QQuery 18 │ 76.95 / 79.35 ±1.77 / 82.23 ms │         79.29 / 80.55 ±1.07 / 82.55 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 19 │ 37.15 / 37.74 ±0.47 / 38.33 ms │         37.87 / 38.07 ±0.21 / 38.34 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 20 │ 40.12 / 41.03 ±0.83 / 42.06 ms │         39.74 / 41.05 ±1.26 / 43.30 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 21 │ 63.69 / 65.73 ±1.59 / 68.15 ms │         63.87 / 64.92 ±1.01 / 66.61 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 22 │ 17.81 / 18.37 ±0.32 / 18.79 ms │         17.91 / 18.68 ±0.82 / 20.01 ms │     no change │
└───────────┴────────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┘
┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Benchmark Summary                                     ┃          ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ Total Time (HEAD)                                     │ 899.05ms │
│ Total Time (optimize-primitive-group-values-intern)   │ 890.61ms │
│ Average Time (HEAD)                                   │  40.87ms │
│ Average Time (optimize-primitive-group-values-intern) │  40.48ms │
│ Queries Faster                                        │        1 │
│ Queries Slower                                        │        0 │
│ Queries with No Change                                │       21 │
│ Queries with Failure                                  │        0 │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────┘

Resource Usage

tpch — base (merge-base)

Metric Value
Wall time 4.8s
Peak memory 4.1 GiB
Avg memory 3.6 GiB
CPU user 33.7s
CPU sys 2.5s
Disk read 0 B
Disk write 136.0 KiB

tpch — branch

Metric Value
Wall time 4.7s
Peak memory 4.0 GiB
Avg memory 3.6 GiB
CPU user 33.5s
CPU sys 2.3s
Disk read 0 B
Disk write 72.0 KiB

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🤖 Benchmark completed (GKE) | trigger

Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB)

CPU Details (lscpu)
Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected
Details

Comparing HEAD and optimize-primitive-group-values-intern
--------------------
Benchmark clickbench_partitioned.json
--------------------
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Query     ┃                                  HEAD ┃ optimize-primitive-group-values-intern ┃        Change ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ QQuery 0  │          1.29 / 4.52 ±6.36 / 17.23 ms │           1.28 / 4.48 ±6.32 / 17.12 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 1  │        14.28 / 14.56 ±0.16 / 14.70 ms │         14.29 / 14.62 ±0.19 / 14.83 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 2  │        43.31 / 43.68 ±0.34 / 44.14 ms │         44.21 / 44.42 ±0.12 / 44.57 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 3  │        42.79 / 44.91 ±1.20 / 46.39 ms │         41.54 / 44.16 ±2.11 / 46.91 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 4  │     289.76 / 295.04 ±3.87 / 301.77 ms │     274.07 / 290.55 ±12.69 / 310.67 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 5  │     340.54 / 345.41 ±2.55 / 347.90 ms │      340.01 / 349.94 ±5.50 / 356.84 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 6  │           5.70 / 6.42 ±0.67 / 7.62 ms │            5.91 / 6.88 ±0.78 / 7.96 ms │  1.07x slower │
│ QQuery 7  │        16.61 / 17.71 ±1.07 / 19.22 ms │         16.48 / 16.78 ±0.16 / 16.96 ms │ +1.06x faster │
│ QQuery 8  │     415.93 / 424.81 ±4.64 / 429.50 ms │      424.55 / 429.45 ±3.47 / 434.31 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 9  │     637.10 / 641.13 ±2.99 / 646.40 ms │      631.34 / 642.98 ±8.63 / 656.38 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 10 │        89.16 / 92.06 ±2.75 / 97.27 ms │         92.80 / 95.14 ±1.33 / 96.82 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 11 │     103.79 / 104.78 ±1.22 / 107.16 ms │      103.69 / 105.33 ±0.95 / 106.18 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 12 │     343.04 / 347.01 ±2.67 / 351.00 ms │      342.97 / 354.02 ±7.64 / 366.75 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 13 │     456.86 / 460.75 ±4.10 / 467.03 ms │     453.46 / 474.69 ±14.60 / 495.26 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 14 │     355.38 / 358.74 ±3.09 / 363.78 ms │      354.94 / 360.02 ±8.25 / 376.43 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 15 │    364.91 / 391.63 ±21.51 / 418.44 ms │     342.62 / 364.34 ±21.82 / 404.89 ms │ +1.07x faster │
│ QQuery 16 │    707.73 / 742.95 ±22.95 / 777.37 ms │     712.59 / 735.62 ±20.97 / 773.53 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 17 │     714.36 / 718.22 ±3.67 / 725.11 ms │      707.32 / 711.87 ±3.70 / 718.47 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 18 │ 1428.34 / 1487.32 ±57.21 / 1581.65 ms │  1436.71 / 1484.62 ±38.63 / 1536.44 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 19 │        34.46 / 42.63 ±6.48 / 53.46 ms │        34.75 / 41.75 ±10.26 / 62.17 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 20 │    723.86 / 740.52 ±19.88 / 773.57 ms │     719.65 / 735.77 ±18.54 / 770.43 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 21 │     762.92 / 770.76 ±5.53 / 780.09 ms │      757.81 / 764.37 ±5.23 / 771.29 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 22 │  1126.76 / 1132.85 ±7.15 / 1145.77 ms │   1120.63 / 1125.71 ±2.75 / 1128.25 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 23 │ 3050.11 / 3068.01 ±13.45 / 3086.88 ms │  3040.56 / 3059.04 ±15.15 / 3083.14 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 24 │      97.92 / 101.67 ±2.81 / 105.61 ms │      101.12 / 103.22 ±2.09 / 107.14 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 25 │     138.40 / 141.27 ±1.97 / 144.51 ms │      137.18 / 139.99 ±2.80 / 145.04 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 26 │      99.04 / 100.96 ±2.23 / 104.30 ms │       99.53 / 101.21 ±1.42 / 103.55 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 27 │     846.20 / 855.03 ±7.16 / 866.68 ms │      844.24 / 853.46 ±5.15 / 860.21 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 28 │ 7712.62 / 7754.36 ±25.76 / 7793.36 ms │  7677.37 / 7745.59 ±38.07 / 7780.69 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 29 │        50.12 / 53.64 ±3.88 / 60.84 ms │       55.21 / 89.32 ±19.50 / 109.40 ms │  1.67x slower │
│ QQuery 30 │     356.14 / 365.31 ±6.31 / 372.96 ms │      367.86 / 382.41 ±7.98 / 390.93 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 31 │     373.59 / 384.47 ±6.54 / 392.77 ms │     359.16 / 397.62 ±29.18 / 439.40 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 32 │ 1016.53 / 1036.61 ±17.28 / 1067.68 ms │  1128.92 / 1166.51 ±25.50 / 1208.54 ms │  1.13x slower │
│ QQuery 33 │  1452.11 / 1460.79 ±7.37 / 1472.19 ms │  1479.05 / 1525.76 ±28.15 / 1565.30 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 34 │ 1454.92 / 1466.01 ±11.21 / 1487.17 ms │   1475.82 / 1483.33 ±6.01 / 1493.94 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 35 │     372.38 / 386.08 ±9.94 / 402.53 ms │      323.46 / 326.00 ±2.61 / 330.72 ms │ +1.18x faster │
│ QQuery 36 │     119.36 / 123.32 ±2.94 / 127.67 ms │      114.61 / 121.74 ±4.96 / 127.84 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 37 │        47.80 / 49.39 ±0.81 / 49.97 ms │         48.53 / 49.76 ±1.14 / 51.67 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 38 │        76.48 / 77.43 ±0.98 / 79.26 ms │         75.26 / 76.66 ±1.09 / 78.13 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 39 │     216.47 / 224.72 ±4.44 / 228.44 ms │      205.14 / 221.43 ±8.36 / 228.16 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 40 │        23.98 / 24.95 ±0.65 / 25.65 ms │         25.01 / 26.39 ±1.42 / 28.81 ms │  1.06x slower │
│ QQuery 41 │        20.10 / 21.50 ±1.23 / 23.09 ms │         19.34 / 21.44 ±1.66 / 24.40 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 42 │        19.32 / 20.02 ±0.54 / 20.93 ms │         19.51 / 19.72 ±0.20 / 19.98 ms │     no change │
└───────────┴───────────────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┘
┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Benchmark Summary                                     ┃            ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ Total Time (HEAD)                                     │ 26943.94ms │
│ Total Time (optimize-primitive-group-values-intern)   │ 27108.09ms │
│ Average Time (HEAD)                                   │   626.60ms │
│ Average Time (optimize-primitive-group-values-intern) │   630.42ms │
│ Queries Faster                                        │          3 │
│ Queries Slower                                        │          4 │
│ Queries with No Change                                │         36 │
│ Queries with Failure                                  │          0 │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────┘

Resource Usage

clickbench_partitioned — base (merge-base)

Metric Value
Wall time 135.8s
Peak memory 40.7 GiB
Avg memory 32.3 GiB
CPU user 1282.5s
CPU sys 84.6s
Disk read 0 B
Disk write 4.3 GiB

clickbench_partitioned — branch

Metric Value
Wall time 136.6s
Peak memory 40.4 GiB
Avg memory 28.8 GiB
CPU user 1276.7s
CPU sys 98.4s
Disk read 0 B
Disk write 772.0 KiB

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🤖 Benchmark completed (GKE) | trigger

Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB)

CPU Details (lscpu)
Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected
Details

Comparing HEAD and optimize-primitive-group-values-intern
--------------------
Benchmark tpcds_sf1.json
--------------------
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Query     ┃                                     HEAD ┃   optimize-primitive-group-values-intern ┃        Change ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ QQuery 1  │           42.97 / 43.61 ±0.80 / 45.12 ms │           43.72 / 44.41 ±0.75 / 45.83 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 2  │        148.90 / 150.13 ±0.85 / 151.27 ms │        145.75 / 148.17 ±2.10 / 151.33 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 3  │        114.24 / 116.62 ±1.63 / 118.41 ms │        114.06 / 115.56 ±1.54 / 118.39 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 4  │     1395.04 / 1408.44 ±8.84 / 1418.58 ms │    1410.80 / 1428.55 ±16.76 / 1456.45 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 5  │        174.71 / 177.72 ±2.44 / 180.54 ms │        175.16 / 178.40 ±1.79 / 180.38 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 6  │     999.43 / 1030.57 ±27.97 / 1075.31 ms │     999.62 / 1038.16 ±28.64 / 1087.18 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 7  │        354.41 / 359.64 ±3.34 / 363.96 ms │        354.00 / 358.43 ±3.33 / 363.21 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 8  │        116.48 / 118.66 ±2.29 / 122.42 ms │        117.02 / 118.32 ±0.87 / 119.34 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 9  │        101.45 / 107.45 ±5.93 / 117.49 ms │        101.32 / 105.91 ±3.67 / 111.35 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 10 │        107.45 / 108.42 ±1.06 / 110.04 ms │        104.74 / 107.03 ±1.62 / 109.04 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 11 │      972.07 / 985.60 ±12.00 / 1004.29 ms │      976.51 / 993.05 ±13.16 / 1016.95 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 12 │           44.63 / 46.19 ±0.89 / 47.32 ms │           45.65 / 48.09 ±1.76 / 50.57 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 13 │        406.75 / 413.55 ±5.80 / 420.48 ms │       405.21 / 419.80 ±10.33 / 432.42 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 14 │     1038.40 / 1049.55 ±7.74 / 1056.61 ms │     1050.66 / 1055.14 ±3.63 / 1061.62 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 15 │           16.25 / 17.53 ±1.11 / 19.26 ms │           15.40 / 16.91 ±1.19 / 18.54 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 16 │           42.68 / 43.78 ±0.80 / 44.95 ms │           40.46 / 42.13 ±1.28 / 44.37 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 17 │        237.59 / 247.69 ±6.80 / 256.85 ms │        240.73 / 247.97 ±6.66 / 256.26 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 18 │        131.13 / 132.87 ±0.95 / 133.91 ms │        126.12 / 128.83 ±1.36 / 129.69 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 19 │        160.38 / 162.36 ±1.62 / 164.79 ms │        156.31 / 161.10 ±3.64 / 165.83 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 20 │           14.10 / 14.62 ±0.41 / 15.34 ms │           13.44 / 13.98 ±0.56 / 14.83 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 21 │           20.00 / 20.61 ±0.47 / 21.35 ms │           19.05 / 19.89 ±0.78 / 21.31 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 22 │       496.84 / 505.74 ±10.40 / 525.06 ms │       482.02 / 502.42 ±15.62 / 523.85 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 23 │       922.33 / 936.01 ±12.63 / 958.51 ms │       904.25 / 941.87 ±23.61 / 967.94 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 24 │        436.18 / 441.50 ±4.07 / 448.29 ms │        414.13 / 421.98 ±5.74 / 430.29 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 25 │        368.37 / 372.15 ±2.30 / 375.53 ms │        357.56 / 365.45 ±4.94 / 371.12 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 26 │           84.78 / 85.31 ±0.51 / 86.09 ms │           83.17 / 84.52 ±1.46 / 86.64 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 27 │        357.54 / 361.00 ±2.93 / 365.75 ms │        352.26 / 355.95 ±2.74 / 359.79 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 28 │        153.72 / 155.20 ±1.49 / 157.34 ms │        148.53 / 150.39 ±1.48 / 152.90 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 29 │        306.85 / 316.38 ±5.79 / 324.80 ms │        314.52 / 317.40 ±2.28 / 321.19 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 30 │           44.83 / 46.77 ±1.60 / 48.77 ms │           46.14 / 47.65 ±1.24 / 49.48 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 31 │        173.99 / 178.84 ±3.28 / 183.20 ms │        175.14 / 178.75 ±2.33 / 181.85 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 32 │           58.00 / 58.88 ±1.07 / 60.94 ms │           58.81 / 60.72 ±1.90 / 64.11 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 33 │        142.37 / 144.67 ±1.80 / 147.28 ms │        143.79 / 146.62 ±1.99 / 148.66 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 34 │        107.98 / 111.57 ±2.76 / 114.40 ms │        112.19 / 112.89 ±0.61 / 113.98 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 35 │        108.97 / 109.58 ±0.40 / 110.11 ms │        110.24 / 112.44 ±1.20 / 113.47 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 36 │        218.53 / 227.63 ±7.65 / 241.52 ms │        221.70 / 230.86 ±5.69 / 237.09 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 37 │        175.51 / 179.44 ±3.44 / 184.24 ms │        181.32 / 183.28 ±1.35 / 185.26 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 38 │           89.15 / 93.66 ±2.67 / 96.51 ms │          90.86 / 95.43 ±3.30 / 100.58 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 39 │        124.87 / 130.26 ±4.02 / 136.22 ms │        140.18 / 143.05 ±1.86 / 144.68 ms │  1.10x slower │
│ QQuery 40 │        117.52 / 125.01 ±8.03 / 140.62 ms │        113.51 / 121.86 ±8.48 / 135.31 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 41 │           14.35 / 15.13 ±0.58 / 15.98 ms │           14.92 / 15.27 ±0.32 / 15.70 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 42 │        108.49 / 110.17 ±1.71 / 113.36 ms │        108.23 / 111.07 ±1.93 / 114.14 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 43 │           83.54 / 85.08 ±1.43 / 87.45 ms │           84.07 / 85.33 ±0.73 / 85.98 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 44 │           11.42 / 11.88 ±0.45 / 12.58 ms │           12.22 / 12.73 ±0.57 / 13.75 ms │  1.07x slower │
│ QQuery 45 │           52.59 / 53.64 ±0.89 / 55.02 ms │           55.27 / 57.52 ±1.31 / 58.88 ms │  1.07x slower │
│ QQuery 46 │       236.19 / 247.59 ±11.07 / 263.55 ms │       230.38 / 248.81 ±11.15 / 259.36 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 47 │       735.59 / 770.81 ±19.89 / 793.99 ms │       732.45 / 766.84 ±25.29 / 793.48 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 48 │        294.24 / 297.08 ±2.15 / 300.32 ms │        289.64 / 298.91 ±6.18 / 307.26 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 49 │        256.75 / 262.50 ±3.65 / 266.95 ms │        259.72 / 262.58 ±2.29 / 266.12 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 50 │        225.57 / 236.64 ±9.45 / 248.38 ms │        237.59 / 243.37 ±7.08 / 257.30 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 51 │        184.98 / 189.79 ±3.32 / 194.24 ms │        188.11 / 190.94 ±2.34 / 193.75 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 52 │        107.24 / 109.31 ±1.10 / 110.34 ms │        108.23 / 110.51 ±1.82 / 112.69 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 53 │        103.38 / 104.87 ±0.95 / 105.91 ms │        104.93 / 106.78 ±1.59 / 109.55 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 54 │        146.46 / 150.83 ±3.78 / 156.57 ms │        147.78 / 152.43 ±3.63 / 157.68 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 55 │        107.65 / 110.70 ±2.50 / 113.72 ms │        108.12 / 110.22 ±1.73 / 112.85 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 56 │        139.96 / 143.78 ±2.91 / 146.36 ms │        140.72 / 142.06 ±1.27 / 144.39 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 57 │        175.92 / 181.44 ±3.59 / 185.97 ms │        176.09 / 179.16 ±3.21 / 183.12 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 58 │        293.48 / 304.11 ±8.87 / 319.75 ms │        304.98 / 309.30 ±4.39 / 316.96 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 59 │        201.04 / 205.96 ±3.66 / 210.49 ms │        196.15 / 201.68 ±4.52 / 207.84 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 60 │        145.18 / 148.74 ±2.84 / 152.17 ms │        144.34 / 148.51 ±3.19 / 153.45 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 61 │        172.68 / 176.71 ±3.55 / 182.50 ms │        170.77 / 174.93 ±4.57 / 181.38 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 62 │       902.98 / 942.70 ±28.35 / 978.84 ms │      926.15 / 958.62 ±45.48 / 1047.75 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 63 │        103.41 / 106.64 ±2.26 / 109.24 ms │        107.65 / 108.56 ±0.88 / 109.78 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 64 │        700.66 / 713.72 ±8.91 / 726.02 ms │       705.35 / 721.98 ±12.95 / 737.75 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 65 │       250.76 / 260.56 ±13.01 / 285.90 ms │       251.66 / 262.43 ±12.14 / 278.30 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 66 │       247.49 / 263.50 ±11.50 / 274.21 ms │       245.11 / 259.11 ±11.65 / 275.59 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 67 │        315.94 / 324.65 ±9.91 / 342.32 ms │       311.33 / 328.44 ±15.30 / 355.25 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 68 │       279.39 / 298.36 ±14.38 / 319.80 ms │       279.91 / 293.76 ±11.71 / 312.38 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 69 │        102.56 / 103.20 ±0.74 / 104.60 ms │        102.22 / 104.19 ±1.95 / 106.72 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 70 │       341.86 / 358.61 ±15.13 / 385.92 ms │        345.53 / 357.41 ±7.47 / 365.43 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 71 │        138.58 / 140.09 ±1.14 / 142.02 ms │        136.35 / 137.22 ±0.68 / 138.41 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 72 │       719.33 / 740.37 ±16.20 / 760.14 ms │       702.56 / 727.99 ±13.17 / 740.81 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 73 │        102.59 / 105.45 ±2.25 / 109.46 ms │        102.27 / 108.12 ±4.69 / 113.88 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 74 │       578.52 / 604.01 ±33.08 / 669.30 ms │       566.23 / 636.69 ±36.76 / 663.72 ms │  1.05x slower │
│ QQuery 75 │        280.31 / 288.58 ±5.10 / 293.32 ms │        276.54 / 281.14 ±3.32 / 285.95 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 76 │        138.19 / 140.58 ±1.43 / 142.67 ms │        135.45 / 138.16 ±2.38 / 141.61 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 77 │        192.92 / 194.79 ±1.56 / 197.48 ms │        189.92 / 191.14 ±0.85 / 192.11 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 78 │        370.46 / 374.50 ±2.95 / 377.29 ms │        360.31 / 363.19 ±3.10 / 368.94 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 79 │        259.16 / 261.76 ±2.84 / 265.34 ms │        232.04 / 235.34 ±3.03 / 239.10 ms │ +1.11x faster │
│ QQuery 80 │        337.74 / 342.39 ±3.48 / 347.74 ms │        334.97 / 338.38 ±3.07 / 342.40 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 81 │           27.33 / 29.41 ±1.28 / 30.62 ms │           27.44 / 28.69 ±1.02 / 30.47 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 82 │        202.10 / 205.00 ±2.71 / 208.56 ms │        202.37 / 204.99 ±2.27 / 208.54 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 83 │           41.52 / 42.31 ±0.76 / 43.76 ms │           40.86 / 42.98 ±2.34 / 47.48 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 84 │           49.53 / 50.76 ±0.89 / 52.29 ms │           50.18 / 51.46 ±1.58 / 54.57 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 85 │        149.40 / 153.41 ±4.17 / 158.83 ms │        152.90 / 155.81 ±1.81 / 158.48 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 86 │           39.66 / 41.12 ±1.16 / 42.97 ms │           40.57 / 41.87 ±1.32 / 44.37 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 87 │          88.23 / 94.74 ±6.08 / 105.07 ms │          92.84 / 96.18 ±3.89 / 103.54 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 88 │        100.66 / 102.58 ±1.99 / 105.99 ms │        102.79 / 103.73 ±0.98 / 105.60 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 89 │        118.57 / 121.64 ±2.91 / 125.64 ms │        121.29 / 122.75 ±0.93 / 123.88 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 90 │           23.36 / 24.23 ±0.51 / 24.82 ms │           24.40 / 25.10 ±0.39 / 25.40 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 91 │           63.61 / 66.13 ±1.75 / 69.11 ms │           66.73 / 67.65 ±0.69 / 68.87 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 92 │           58.51 / 60.24 ±0.89 / 60.98 ms │           59.68 / 60.88 ±1.58 / 63.94 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 93 │        195.55 / 201.85 ±4.60 / 209.67 ms │        208.06 / 208.97 ±0.76 / 210.16 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 94 │           61.45 / 62.51 ±0.68 / 63.29 ms │           63.89 / 65.03 ±1.15 / 67.14 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 95 │        139.18 / 141.12 ±1.96 / 144.36 ms │        139.21 / 141.98 ±2.10 / 145.07 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 96 │           74.05 / 75.00 ±0.75 / 76.32 ms │           72.78 / 76.38 ±1.99 / 78.84 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 97 │        132.55 / 137.86 ±4.66 / 143.27 ms │        136.79 / 138.99 ±1.55 / 141.48 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 98 │        155.81 / 160.25 ±4.06 / 166.00 ms │        154.95 / 161.38 ±5.41 / 167.68 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 99 │ 10904.09 / 10935.54 ±21.07 / 10957.16 ms │ 10853.39 / 10903.35 ±37.52 / 10962.54 ms │     no change │
└───────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┘
┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Benchmark Summary                                     ┃            ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ Total Time (HEAD)                                     │ 34522.13ms │
│ Total Time (optimize-primitive-group-values-intern)   │ 34542.35ms │
│ Average Time (HEAD)                                   │   348.71ms │
│ Average Time (optimize-primitive-group-values-intern) │   348.91ms │
│ Queries Faster                                        │          1 │
│ Queries Slower                                        │          4 │
│ Queries with No Change                                │         94 │
│ Queries with Failure                                  │          0 │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────┘

Resource Usage

tpcds — base (merge-base)

Metric Value
Wall time 173.0s
Peak memory 5.2 GiB
Avg memory 4.4 GiB
CPU user 278.4s
CPU sys 19.0s
Disk read 0 B
Disk write 638.1 MiB

tpcds — branch

Metric Value
Wall time 173.0s
Peak memory 5.7 GiB
Avg memory 4.7 GiB
CPU user 278.1s
CPU sys 18.9s
Disk read 0 B
Disk write 148.0 KiB

File an issue against this benchmark runner

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run benchmark clickbench_extended clickbench

@Dandandan
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run benchmark tpch_mem

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🤖 Benchmark running (GKE) | trigger
Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB) | Linux bench-c4183686880-748-zq4rp 6.12.55+ #1 SMP Sun Feb 1 08:59:41 UTC 2026 aarch64 GNU/Linux

CPU Details (lscpu)
Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected

Comparing optimize-primitive-group-values-intern (05b874d) to 1e93a67 (merge-base) diff using: clickbench_extended
Results will be posted here when complete


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🤖 Criterion benchmark running (GKE) | trigger
Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB) | Linux bench-c4183686880-749-svzpv 6.12.55+ #1 SMP Sun Feb 1 08:59:41 UTC 2026 aarch64 GNU/Linux

CPU Details (lscpu)
Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected

Comparing optimize-primitive-group-values-intern (05b874d) to 1e93a67 (merge-base) diff
BENCH_NAME=clickbench
BENCH_COMMAND=cargo bench --features=parquet --bench clickbench
BENCH_FILTER=
Results will be posted here when complete


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🤖 Benchmark running (GKE) | trigger
Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB) | Linux bench-c4183687986-750-pvn57 6.12.55+ #1 SMP Sun Feb 1 08:59:41 UTC 2026 aarch64 GNU/Linux

CPU Details (lscpu)
Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected

Comparing optimize-primitive-group-values-intern (05b874d) to 1e93a67 (merge-base) diff using: tpch_mem
Results will be posted here when complete


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Benchmark for this request failed.

Last 20 lines of output:

Click to expand
    string_to_array
    strpos
    struct_query_sql
    substr
    substr_index
    substring
    sum
    to_char
    to_hex
    to_timestamp
    topk_aggregate
    topk_repartition
    translate
    trim
    trunc
    unhex
    upper
    uuid
    window_query_sql
    with_hashes

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🤖 Benchmark completed (GKE) | trigger

Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB)

CPU Details (lscpu)
Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected
Details

Comparing HEAD and optimize-primitive-group-values-intern
--------------------
Benchmark tpch_mem_sf1.json
--------------------
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Query     ┃                              HEAD ┃ optimize-primitive-group-values-intern ┃        Change ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ QQuery 1  │    27.41 / 27.81 ±0.32 / 28.23 ms │         27.63 / 28.04 ±0.42 / 28.83 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 2  │    11.11 / 11.26 ±0.10 / 11.40 ms │         11.10 / 11.33 ±0.22 / 11.71 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 3  │    13.27 / 13.36 ±0.08 / 13.48 ms │         13.19 / 13.61 ±0.34 / 14.06 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 4  │    14.67 / 15.19 ±0.29 / 15.56 ms │         14.73 / 15.56 ±0.95 / 17.41 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 5  │    25.53 / 26.02 ±0.36 / 26.58 ms │         26.06 / 26.26 ±0.20 / 26.63 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 6  │       6.33 / 6.44 ±0.11 / 6.64 ms │            6.48 / 6.60 ±0.14 / 6.82 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 7  │    48.40 / 52.96 ±2.95 / 57.26 ms │         49.96 / 52.53 ±2.31 / 55.39 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 8  │    17.10 / 17.64 ±0.41 / 18.12 ms │         17.48 / 17.76 ±0.23 / 18.09 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 9  │    32.77 / 35.71 ±1.65 / 37.35 ms │         35.43 / 36.82 ±2.02 / 40.83 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 10 │    19.32 / 20.07 ±1.04 / 22.11 ms │         19.31 / 20.27 ±1.03 / 22.24 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 11 │       6.40 / 6.55 ±0.25 / 7.04 ms │            6.51 / 6.62 ±0.15 / 6.91 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 12 │    16.71 / 17.15 ±0.52 / 18.14 ms │         16.41 / 16.83 ±0.34 / 17.36 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 13 │    13.84 / 14.35 ±0.30 / 14.77 ms │         13.59 / 14.32 ±0.49 / 14.99 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 14 │       4.98 / 5.20 ±0.41 / 6.03 ms │            5.02 / 5.22 ±0.22 / 5.63 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 15 │    10.03 / 10.26 ±0.22 / 10.59 ms │         10.01 / 10.20 ±0.11 / 10.35 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 16 │    10.05 / 10.54 ±0.27 / 10.79 ms │         10.14 / 10.39 ±0.22 / 10.72 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 17 │    45.14 / 45.88 ±0.52 / 46.67 ms │         40.30 / 40.94 ±0.55 / 41.88 ms │ +1.12x faster │
│ QQuery 18 │    63.74 / 65.56 ±1.68 / 68.51 ms │         63.49 / 65.38 ±2.04 / 69.03 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 19 │    13.62 / 14.32 ±0.68 / 15.63 ms │         13.79 / 13.93 ±0.12 / 14.08 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 20 │    14.76 / 15.17 ±0.61 / 16.38 ms │         14.21 / 14.46 ±0.18 / 14.69 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 21 │ 106.10 / 110.30 ±5.07 / 119.99 ms │      107.68 / 112.42 ±3.51 / 118.28 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 22 │       8.21 / 8.41 ±0.19 / 8.76 ms │            8.05 / 8.25 ±0.23 / 8.70 ms │     no change │
└───────────┴───────────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┘
┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Benchmark Summary                                     ┃          ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ Total Time (HEAD)                                     │ 550.15ms │
│ Total Time (optimize-primitive-group-values-intern)   │ 547.71ms │
│ Average Time (HEAD)                                   │  25.01ms │
│ Average Time (optimize-primitive-group-values-intern) │  24.90ms │
│ Queries Faster                                        │        1 │
│ Queries Slower                                        │        0 │
│ Queries with No Change                                │       21 │
│ Queries with Failure                                  │        0 │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────┘

Resource Usage

tpch_mem — base (merge-base)

Metric Value
Wall time 4.0s
Peak memory 6.9 GiB
Avg memory 4.8 GiB
CPU user 19.8s
CPU sys 0.8s
Disk read 0 B
Disk write 340.0 KiB

tpch_mem — branch

Metric Value
Wall time 3.9s
Peak memory 6.9 GiB
Avg memory 4.8 GiB
CPU user 19.7s
CPU sys 0.7s
Disk read 0 B
Disk write 60.0 KiB

File an issue against this benchmark runner

@Dandandan Dandandan closed this Apr 3, 2026
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🤖 Benchmark completed (GKE) | trigger

Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB)

CPU Details (lscpu)
Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected
Details

Comparing HEAD and optimize-primitive-group-values-intern
--------------------
Benchmark clickbench_extended.json
--------------------
┏━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Query    ┃                                     HEAD ┃   optimize-primitive-group-values-intern ┃       Change ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ QQuery 0 │        854.94 / 863.95 ±6.40 / 873.76 ms │        843.77 / 849.93 ±4.56 / 856.13 ms │    no change │
│ QQuery 1 │        208.17 / 208.72 ±0.78 / 210.22 ms │        207.53 / 209.05 ±2.16 / 213.31 ms │    no change │
│ QQuery 2 │        495.99 / 497.24 ±1.17 / 499.34 ms │        496.02 / 498.98 ±2.02 / 502.13 ms │    no change │
│ QQuery 3 │        314.08 / 314.87 ±1.03 / 316.89 ms │        313.88 / 315.52 ±1.15 / 316.94 ms │    no change │
│ QQuery 4 │       661.48 / 681.84 ±20.01 / 715.94 ms │       665.48 / 678.85 ±11.91 / 700.84 ms │    no change │
│ QQuery 5 │ 9725.13 / 10045.99 ±161.65 / 10147.14 ms │ 10103.54 / 10229.64 ±99.23 / 10320.23 ms │    no change │
│ QQuery 6 │    1012.23 / 1020.87 ±11.00 / 1042.24 ms │      999.50 / 1005.84 ±6.41 / 1017.21 ms │    no change │
│ QQuery 7 │       774.85 / 790.26 ±13.07 / 806.73 ms │        835.15 / 850.97 ±9.20 / 862.99 ms │ 1.08x slower │
└──────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┘
┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Benchmark Summary                                     ┃            ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ Total Time (HEAD)                                     │ 14423.75ms │
│ Total Time (optimize-primitive-group-values-intern)   │ 14638.78ms │
│ Average Time (HEAD)                                   │  1802.97ms │
│ Average Time (optimize-primitive-group-values-intern) │  1829.85ms │
│ Queries Faster                                        │          0 │
│ Queries Slower                                        │          1 │
│ Queries with No Change                                │          7 │
│ Queries with Failure                                  │          0 │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────┘

Resource Usage

clickbench_extended — base (merge-base)

Metric Value
Wall time 72.8s
Peak memory 32.5 GiB
Avg memory 28.4 GiB
CPU user 723.3s
CPU sys 23.2s
Disk read 0 B
Disk write 21.8 MiB

clickbench_extended — branch

Metric Value
Wall time 73.8s
Peak memory 32.2 GiB
Avg memory 28.3 GiB
CPU user 734.0s
CPU sys 23.3s
Disk read 0 B
Disk write 76.0 KiB

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physical-plan Changes to the physical-plan crate

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