adding discardOutOfOrder field in write request

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Compactor: Add partition group creation time to visit marker. #7217
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Compactor: Add concurrency for partition cleanup and mark block for deletion #7246
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Distributor: Validate metric name before removing empty labels. #7253
+* [ENHANCEMENT] Ruler/Ingester: Propagate append hints to discard out of order samples on Ingester #7226
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Make cortex_ingester_tsdb_sample_ooo_delta metric per-tenant #7278
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Distributor: Add dimension `nhcb` to keep track of nhcb samples in `cortex_distributor_received_samples_total` and `cortex_distributor_samples_in_total` metrics.
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Distributor: Add `-distributor.accept-unknown-remote-write-content-type` flag. When enabled, requests with unknown or invalid Content-Type header are treated as remote write v1 instead of returning 415 Unsupported Media Type. Default is false. #7293

pkg/cortexpb/cortex.proto

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ message WriteRequest  {
 
   bool skip_label_name_validation = 1000; //set intentionally high to keep WriteRequest compatible with upstream Prometheus
   MessageWithBufRef Ref = 1001 [(gogoproto.embed) = true, (gogoproto.customtype) = "MessageWithBufRef", (gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  // When true, indicates that out-of-order samples should be discarded even if OOO is enabled.
+  bool discard_out_of_order = 1002;
 }
 
 // refer to https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/v3.5.0/prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2/types.proto

pkg/cortexpb/timeseries.go

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ func ReuseWriteRequest(req *PreallocWriteRequest) {
 	req.Source = 0
 	req.Metadata = nil
 	req.Timeseries = nil
+	req.DiscardOutOfOrder = false
 	writeRequestPool.Put(req)
 }
 

pkg/distributor/distributor.go

@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ func (d *Distributor) doBatch(ctx context.Context, req *cortexpb.WriteRequest, s
 			}
 		}
 
-		return d.send(localCtx, ingester, timeseries, metadata, req.Source)
+		return d.send(localCtx, ingester, timeseries, metadata, req.Source, req.DiscardOutOfOrder)
 	}, func() {
 		cortexpb.ReuseSlice(req.Timeseries)
 		req.Free()
@@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@ func sortLabelsIfNeeded(labels []cortexpb.LabelAdapter) {
 	})
 }
 
-func (d *Distributor) send(ctx context.Context, ingester ring.InstanceDesc, timeseries []cortexpb.PreallocTimeseries, metadata []*cortexpb.MetricMetadata, source cortexpb.SourceEnum) error {
+func (d *Distributor) send(ctx context.Context, ingester ring.InstanceDesc, timeseries []cortexpb.PreallocTimeseries, metadata []*cortexpb.MetricMetadata, source cortexpb.SourceEnum, discardOutOfOrder bool) error {
 	h, err := d.ingesterPool.GetClientFor(ingester.Addr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -1270,16 +1270,18 @@ func (d *Distributor) send(ctx context.Context, ingester ring.InstanceDesc, time
 
 	if d.cfg.UseStreamPush {
 		req := &cortexpb.WriteRequest{
-			Timeseries: timeseries,
-			Metadata:   metadata,
-			Source:     source,
+			Timeseries:        timeseries,
+			Metadata:          metadata,
+			Source:            source,
+			DiscardOutOfOrder: discardOutOfOrder,
 		}
 		_, err = c.PushStreamConnection(ctx, req)
 	} else {
 		req := cortexpb.PreallocWriteRequestFromPool()
 		req.Timeseries = timeseries
 		req.Metadata = metadata
 		req.Source = source
+		req.DiscardOutOfOrder = discardOutOfOrder
 
 		_, err = c.PushPreAlloc(ctx, req)
 

pkg/distributor/distributor_test.go

@@ -430,6 +430,99 @@ func TestDistributor_Push(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDistributor_Push_DiscardOutOfOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ctx := user.InjectOrgID(context.Background(), "userDiscardOOO")
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name               string
+		discardOutOfOrder  bool
+		expectedDiscardOOO bool
+		useStreamPush      bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:               "DiscardOutOfOrder=true with regular push",
+			discardOutOfOrder:  true,
+			expectedDiscardOOO: true,
+			useStreamPush:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "DiscardOutOfOrder=false with regular push",
+			discardOutOfOrder:  false,
+			expectedDiscardOOO: false,
+			useStreamPush:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "DiscardOutOfOrder=true with stream push",
+			discardOutOfOrder:  true,
+			expectedDiscardOOO: true,
+			useStreamPush:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "DiscardOutOfOrder=false with stream push",
+			discardOutOfOrder:  false,
+			expectedDiscardOOO: false,
+			useStreamPush:      true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			limits := &validation.Limits{}
+			flagext.DefaultValues(limits)
+
+			ds, ingesters, _, _ := prepare(t, prepConfig{
+				numIngesters:     3,
+				happyIngesters:   3,
+				numDistributors:  1,
+				shardByAllLabels: true,
+				limits:           limits,
+				useStreamPush:    tc.useStreamPush,
+			})
+
+			request := makeWriteRequest(123456789000, 5, 0, 0)
+			request.DiscardOutOfOrder = tc.discardOutOfOrder
+
+			_, err := ds[0].Push(ctx, request)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Poll to ensure all ingesters have received the push before verifying.
+			test.Poll(t, time.Second, nil, func() any {
+				for _, ing := range ingesters {
+					ing.Lock()
+					pushCalls := ing.calls["Push"]
+					lastDiscardOOO := ing.lastDiscardOutOfOrder
+					ing.Unlock()
+
+					// Wait for all ingesters to receive the push call
+					if pushCalls == 0 {
+						return fmt.Errorf("ingester has not received push yet")
+					}
+
+					// Wait for the DiscardOutOfOrder flag to match expected value
+					if lastDiscardOOO != tc.expectedDiscardOOO {
+						return fmt.Errorf("ingester has DiscardOutOfOrder=%v, expected %v", lastDiscardOOO, tc.expectedDiscardOOO)
+					}
+				}
+				return nil
+			})
+
+			// Final assertion: verify all ingesters received the correct DiscardOutOfOrder flag
+			for _, ing := range ingesters {
+				ing.Lock()
+				lastDiscardOOO := ing.lastDiscardOutOfOrder
+				ing.Unlock()
+
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedDiscardOOO, lastDiscardOOO,
+					"ingester should have received DiscardOutOfOrder=%v", tc.expectedDiscardOOO)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDistributor_MetricsCleanup(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	dists, _, regs, r := prepare(t, prepConfig{
@@ -3604,14 +3697,15 @@ type mockIngester struct {
 	sync.Mutex
 	client.IngesterClient
 	grpc_health_v1.HealthClient
-	happy      atomic.Bool
-	failResp   atomic.Error
-	stats      client.UsersStatsResponse
-	timeseries map[uint32]*cortexpb.PreallocTimeseries
-	metadata   map[uint32]map[cortexpb.MetricMetadata]struct{}
-	queryDelay time.Duration
-	calls      map[string]int
-	lblsValues []string
+	happy                 atomic.Bool
+	failResp              atomic.Error
+	stats                 client.UsersStatsResponse
+	timeseries            map[uint32]*cortexpb.PreallocTimeseries
+	metadata              map[uint32]map[cortexpb.MetricMetadata]struct{}
+	queryDelay            time.Duration
+	calls                 map[string]int
+	lblsValues            []string
+	lastDiscardOutOfOrder bool
 }
 
 func newMockIngester(id int, ps *prepState, cfg prepConfig) *mockIngester {
@@ -3682,6 +3776,9 @@ func (i *mockIngester) Push(ctx context.Context, req *cortexpb.WriteRequest, opt
 
 	i.trackCall("Push")
 
+	// Store the DiscardOutOfOrder flag for test assertions
+	i.lastDiscardOutOfOrder = req.DiscardOutOfOrder
+
 	if !i.happy.Load() {
 		return nil, i.failResp.Load()
 	}

pkg/ingester/ingester.go

@@ -1423,6 +1423,13 @@ func (i *Ingester) Push(ctx context.Context, req *cortexpb.WriteRequest) (*corte
 
 	// Walk the samples, appending them to the users database
 	app := db.Appender(ctx).(extendedAppender)
+
+	// Even when OOO is enabled globally, we want to reject OOO samples in some cases.
+	// prometheus implementation: https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/14710
+	if req.DiscardOutOfOrder {
+		app.SetOptions(&storage.AppendOptions{DiscardOutOfOrder: true})
+	}
+
 	var newSeries []labels.Labels
 
 	for _, ts := range req.Timeseries {

pkg/ingester/ingester_test.go

@@ -7863,3 +7863,83 @@ func TestIngester_checkRegexMatcherLimits(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+func TestIngester_DiscardOutOfOrderFlagIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := prometheus.NewRegistry()
+	cfg := defaultIngesterTestConfig(t)
+	cfg.LifecyclerConfig.JoinAfter = 0
+
+	limits := defaultLimitsTestConfig()
+	limits.EnableNativeHistograms = true
+	limits.OutOfOrderTimeWindow = model.Duration(60 * time.Minute)
+
+	i, err := prepareIngesterWithBlocksStorageAndLimits(t, cfg, limits, nil, "", registry)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, services.StartAndAwaitRunning(context.Background(), i))
+	defer services.StopAndAwaitTerminated(context.Background(), i) //nolint:errcheck
+
+	// Wait until it's ACTIVE
+	test.Poll(t, time.Second, ring.ACTIVE, func() any {
+		return i.lifecycler.GetState()
+	})
+
+	ctx := user.InjectOrgID(context.Background(), "test-user")
+
+	// Create labels for our test metric
+	metricLabels := labels.FromStrings(labels.MetricName, "test_metric", "job", "test")
+
+	currentTime := time.Now().UnixMilli()
+	olderTime := currentTime - 60000 // 1 minute earlier (within OOO window)
+
+	// First, push a sample with current timestamp with discardOutOfOrder=true
+	req1 := cortexpb.ToWriteRequest(
+		[]labels.Labels{metricLabels},
+		[]cortexpb.Sample{{Value: 100, TimestampMs: currentTime}},
+		nil, nil, cortexpb.RULE)
+	req1.DiscardOutOfOrder = true
+
+	_, err = i.Push(ctx, req1)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "First sample push should succeed")
+
+	// Now try to push a sample with older timestamp with discardOutOfOrder=true
+	// This should be discarded because DiscardOutOfOrder is true
+	req2 := cortexpb.ToWriteRequest(
+		[]labels.Labels{metricLabels},
+		[]cortexpb.Sample{{Value: 50, TimestampMs: olderTime}},
+		nil, nil, cortexpb.RULE)
+	req2.DiscardOutOfOrder = true
+
+	_, _ = i.Push(ctx, req2)
+
+	// Query back the data to ensure only the first (current time) sample was stored
+	s := &mockQueryStreamServer{ctx: ctx}
+	err = i.QueryStream(&client.QueryRequest{
+		StartTimestampMs: olderTime - 1000,
+		EndTimestampMs:   currentTime + 1000,
+		Matchers: []*client.LabelMatcher{
+			{Type: client.EQUAL, Name: labels.MetricName, Value: "test_metric"},
+		},
+	}, s)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify we only have one series with one sample (the current time sample)
+	require.Len(t, s.series, 1, "Should have exactly one series")
+
+	// Convert chunks to samples to verify content
+	series := s.series[0]
+	require.Len(t, series.Chunks, 1, "Should have exactly one chunk")
+
+	chunk := series.Chunks[0]
+	chunkData, err := chunkenc.FromData(chunkenc.EncXOR, chunk.Data)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	iter := chunkData.Iterator(nil)
+	sampleCount := 0
+	for iter.Next() != chunkenc.ValNone {
+		ts, val := iter.At()
+		require.Equal(t, currentTime, ts, "Sample timestamp should match current time")
+		require.Equal(t, 100.0, val, "Sample value should match first push")
+		sampleCount++
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, iter.Err())
+	require.Equal(t, 1, sampleCount, "Should have exactly one sample stored")
+}

pkg/ruler/compat.go

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ type PusherAppender struct {
 	histogramLabels []labels.Labels
 	histograms      []cortexpb.Histogram
 	userID          string
+	opts            *storage.AppendOptions
 }
 
 func (a *PusherAppender) AppendHistogram(_ storage.SeriesRef, l labels.Labels, t int64, h *histogram.Histogram, fh *histogram.FloatHistogram) (storage.SeriesRef, error) {
@@ -73,7 +74,9 @@ func (a *PusherAppender) Append(_ storage.SeriesRef, l labels.Labels, t int64, v
 	return 0, nil
 }
 
-func (a *PusherAppender) SetOptions(opts *storage.AppendOptions) {}
+func (a *PusherAppender) SetOptions(opts *storage.AppendOptions) {
+	a.opts = opts
+}
 
 func (a *PusherAppender) AppendHistogramCTZeroSample(ref storage.SeriesRef, l labels.Labels, t, ct int64, h *histogram.Histogram, fh *histogram.FloatHistogram) (storage.SeriesRef, error) {
 	// AppendHistogramCTZeroSample is a no-op for PusherAppender as it happens during scrape time only.
@@ -94,6 +97,12 @@ func (a *PusherAppender) Commit() error {
 
 	req := cortexpb.ToWriteRequest(a.labels, a.samples, nil, nil, cortexpb.RULE)
 	req.AddHistogramTimeSeries(a.histogramLabels, a.histograms)
+
+	// Set DiscardOutOfOrder flag if requested via AppendOptions
+	if a.opts != nil && a.opts.DiscardOutOfOrder {
+		req.DiscardOutOfOrder = true
+	}
+
 	// Since a.pusher is distributor, client.ReuseSlice will be called in a.pusher.Push.
 	// We shouldn't call client.ReuseSlice here.
 	_, err := a.pusher.Push(user.InjectOrgID(a.ctx, a.userID), req)

pkg/ruler/compat_test.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/value"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql/parser"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/tsdbutil"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"github.com/weaveworks/common/httpgrpc"
@@ -413,3 +414,26 @@ func TestRecordAndReportRuleQueryMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, testutil.ToFloat64(metrics.RulerQueryChunkBytes.WithLabelValues("userID")), float64(10))
 	require.Equal(t, testutil.ToFloat64(metrics.RulerQueryDataBytes.WithLabelValues("userID")), float64(14))
 }
+func TestPusherAppender_Commit_WithDiscardOutOfOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	pusher := &fakePusher{response: &cortexpb.WriteResponse{}}
+	counter := prometheus.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{Name: "test"})
+
+	appender := &PusherAppender{
+		ctx:          context.Background(),
+		pusher:       pusher,
+		userID:       "test-user",
+		totalWrites:  counter,
+		failedWrites: counter,
+		labels:       []labels.Labels{labels.FromStrings(labels.MetricName, "test_metric")},
+		samples:      []cortexpb.Sample{{TimestampMs: 1000, Value: 1.0}},
+	}
+
+	appender.SetOptions(&storage.AppendOptions{DiscardOutOfOrder: true})
+
+	err := appender.Commit()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify that DiscardOutOfOrder was set in the WriteRequest
+	require.NotNil(t, pusher.request, "WriteRequest should have been sent")
+	require.True(t, pusher.request.DiscardOutOfOrder, "DiscardOutOfOrder should be true in WriteRequest")
+}