MAINT Enable ruff UP (pyupgrade) rules and fix all violations

[romanlutz]

Enable ruff UP (pyupgrade) rules to modernize deprecated typing imports across the codebase (245 files, ~1175 lines changed).

Enabled rules

• UP — pyupgrade rules added to ruff select

Ignored rules

• UP007 — Keeps Union[X, Y] syntax (does not convert to X | Y)
• UP045 — Keeps Optional[X] syntax (does not convert to X | None)

What changed

Modernizes deprecated typing imports to their built-in equivalents:

• typing.List → list
• typing.Dict → dict
• typing.Tuple → tuple
• typing.Set → set
• typing.Type → type
• typing.FrozenSet → frozenset
• typing.Sequence / typing.MutableSequence → collections.abc.Sequence / collections.abc.MutableSequence

Removes the now-unused deprecated imports from typing via the existing F401 rule.

Optional[X] and Union[X, Y] syntax is intentionally preserved per team preference.

Tests and Documentation

All unit tests pass. No documentation changes needed.

[hannahwestra25]

what is the rationale for moving to implicit optional ?
looking at this:

from https://peps.python.org/pep-0484/#union-types

it seems like we shouldn't do this by default and should use https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/implicit-optional/

[romanlutz]

what is the rationale for moving to implicit optional ? looking at this: from https://peps.python.org/pep-0484/#union-types

it seems like we shouldn't do this by default and should use https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/implicit-optional/

Yes, we're getting rid of implicit optional. But instead of Optional[T] ruff prefers T | None which is available from python 3.10 onwards. Does that make sense?