diff --git a/.changeset/timeline-list-semantics.md b/.changeset/timeline-list-semantics.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7f7f1ad1e8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/timeline-list-semantics.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+'@primer/react': minor
+---
+
+Timeline: Render as `<ol>` with `<li>` items for list semantics
+
+Timeline now renders as an ordered list (`<ol>`) instead of a `<div>`, and Timeline.Item renders as `<li>` instead of `<div>`. This gives screen reader users list navigation — they can hear the total number of events and their position in the sequence ("item 3 of 12").
+
+Timeline.Break renders as `<li role="presentation">` so it does not contribute to the list item count.
+
+An explicit `role="list"` is applied to the `<ol>` to restore list semantics in Safari/VoiceOver, which strips them when `list-style: none` is applied.
+
+**Migration:** If you pass a `ref` to `Timeline`, the ref type changes from `HTMLDivElement` to `HTMLOListElement`. If you pass a `ref` to `Timeline.Item` or `Timeline.Break`, the ref type changes from `HTMLDivElement` to `HTMLLIElement`. All other props continue to work unchanged.
diff --git a/packages/react/src/Timeline/Timeline.module.css b/packages/react/src/Timeline/Timeline.module.css
index 2636131a40a..bbedaee66a7 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/Timeline/Timeline.module.css
+++ b/packages/react/src/Timeline/Timeline.module.css
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 .Timeline {
   display: flex;
   flex-direction: column;
+  list-style: none;
+  padding: 0;
+  margin: 0;
 
   &:where([data-clip-sidebar='start']),
   &:where([data-clip-sidebar='both']) {
diff --git a/packages/react/src/Timeline/Timeline.tsx b/packages/react/src/Timeline/Timeline.tsx
index b2d68ff1b76..a6dd97dd062 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/Timeline/Timeline.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/Timeline/Timeline.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import classes from './Timeline.module.css'
 
 type StyledTimelineProps = {clipSidebar?: boolean | 'start' | 'end' | 'both'; className?: string}
 
-export type TimelineProps = StyledTimelineProps & React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<'div'>
+export type TimelineProps = StyledTimelineProps & Omit<React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<'ol'>, 'role'>
 
 function resolveClipSidebar(clipSidebar: TimelineProps['clipSidebar']): string | undefined {
   if (clipSidebar === true || clipSidebar === 'both') return 'both'
@@ -12,11 +12,15 @@ function resolveClipSidebar(clipSidebar: TimelineProps['clipSidebar']): string |
   return undefined
 }
 
-const Timeline = React.forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, TimelineProps>(({clipSidebar, className, ...props}, forwardRef) => {
+const Timeline = React.forwardRef<HTMLOListElement, TimelineProps>(({clipSidebar, className, ...props}, forwardRef) => {
   const resolvedClipSidebar = resolveClipSidebar(clipSidebar)
   return (
-    <div
+    // Explicit role restores list semantics in Safari/VoiceOver, which strips
+    // them when list-style: none is applied (WebKit intentional behaviour).
+    // eslint-disable-next-line jsx-a11y/no-redundant-roles
+    <ol
       {...props}
+      role="list"
       className={clsx(className, classes.Timeline)}
       ref={forwardRef}
       data-clip-sidebar={resolvedClipSidebar}
@@ -31,14 +35,14 @@ type StyledTimelineItemProps = {condensed?: boolean; className?: string}
 /**
  * @deprecated Use the `TimelineItemProps` type instead
  */
-export type TimelineItemsProps = StyledTimelineItemProps & React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<'div'>
+export type TimelineItemsProps = StyledTimelineItemProps & React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<'li'>
 
-export type TimelineItemProps = StyledTimelineItemProps & React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<'div'>
+export type TimelineItemProps = StyledTimelineItemProps & React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<'li'>
 
-const TimelineItem = React.forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, TimelineItemProps>(
+const TimelineItem = React.forwardRef<HTMLLIElement, TimelineItemProps>(
   ({condensed, className, ...props}, forwardRef) => {
     return (
-      <div
+      <li
         {...props}
         className={clsx(className, 'Timeline-Item', classes.TimelineItem)}
         ref={forwardRef}
@@ -92,10 +96,10 @@ TimelineBody.displayName = 'TimelineBody'
 export type TimelineBreakProps = {
   /** Class name for custom styling */
   className?: string
-} & React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<'div'>
+} & Omit<React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<'li'>, 'role'>
 
-const TimelineBreak = React.forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, TimelineBreakProps>(({className, ...props}, forwardRef) => {
-  return <div {...props} className={clsx(className, classes.TimelineBreak)} ref={forwardRef} />
+const TimelineBreak = React.forwardRef<HTMLLIElement, TimelineBreakProps>(({className, ...props}, forwardRef) => {
+  return <li {...props} className={clsx(className, classes.TimelineBreak)} ref={forwardRef} role="presentation" />
 })
 
 TimelineBreak.displayName = 'TimelineBreak'
diff --git a/packages/react/src/Timeline/__tests__/Timeline.test.tsx b/packages/react/src/Timeline/__tests__/Timeline.test.tsx
index c7f37362159..b7d096d506d 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/Timeline/__tests__/Timeline.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/Timeline/__tests__/Timeline.test.tsx
@@ -7,6 +7,16 @@ import classes from '../Timeline.module.css'
 describe('Timeline', () => {
   implementsClassName(Timeline, classes.Timeline)
 
+  it('renders as an ordered list', () => {
+    const {container} = render(<Timeline />)
+    expect(container.firstChild?.nodeName).toBe('OL')
+  })
+
+  it('has role="list" to restore semantics in Safari/VoiceOver', () => {
+    const {container} = render(<Timeline />)
+    expect(container.firstChild).toHaveAttribute('role', 'list')
+  })
+
   it('renders with clipSidebar prop (boolean)', () => {
     const {container} = render(<Timeline clipSidebar />)
     expect(container.firstChild).toHaveAttribute('data-clip-sidebar', 'both')
@@ -40,6 +50,12 @@ describe('Timeline', () => {
 
 describe('Timeline.Item', () => {
   implementsClassName(Timeline.Item, classes.TimelineItem)
+
+  it('renders as a list item', () => {
+    const {container} = render(<Timeline.Item />)
+    expect(container.firstChild?.nodeName).toBe('LI')
+  })
+
   it('renders with condensed prop', () => {
     const {container} = render(<Timeline.Item condensed />)
     expect(container).toMatchSnapshot()
@@ -71,6 +87,12 @@ describe('Timeline.Body', () => {
 
 describe('Timeline.Break', () => {
   implementsClassName(Timeline.Break, classes.TimelineBreak)
+
+  it('renders as a presentational list item', () => {
+    const {container} = render(<Timeline.Break />)
+    expect(container.firstChild?.nodeName).toBe('LI')
+    expect(container.firstChild).toHaveAttribute('role', 'presentation')
+  })
 })
 
 describe('Timeline.Actions', () => {
diff --git a/packages/react/src/Timeline/__tests__/__snapshots__/Timeline.test.tsx.snap b/packages/react/src/Timeline/__tests__/__snapshots__/Timeline.test.tsx.snap
index 542aaab3ecf..d8faca516fa 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/Timeline/__tests__/__snapshots__/Timeline.test.tsx.snap
+++ b/packages/react/src/Timeline/__tests__/__snapshots__/Timeline.test.tsx.snap
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 exports[`Timeline.Item > renders with condensed prop 1`] = `
 <div>
-  <div
+  <li
     class="Timeline-Item prc-Timeline-TimelineItem-yUFAS"
     data-condensed=""
   />