diff --git a/java/ql/lib/change-notes/2025-06-14-log-injection-improvements.md b/java/ql/lib/change-notes/2025-06-14-log-injection-improvements.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1db28332043f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/ql/lib/change-notes/2025-06-14-log-injection-improvements.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+category: majorAnalysis
+---
+* The `java/log-injection` query now excludes calls to DEBUG and TRACE level logging methods (`debug`, `trace`, `fine`, `finer`, `finest`) from its sinks, since these log levels are typically disabled in production.
+* Added `java.net.URLEncoder.encode()` as a sanitizer for the `java/log-injection` query, since URL encoding replaces line breaks with percent-encoded equivalents.
diff --git a/java/ql/lib/semmle/code/java/security/LogInjection.qll b/java/ql/lib/semmle/code/java/security/LogInjection.qll
index b585c249d1eb..8df9477059c2 100644
--- a/java/ql/lib/semmle/code/java/security/LogInjection.qll
+++ b/java/ql/lib/semmle/code/java/security/LogInjection.qll
@@ -30,12 +30,36 @@ class LogInjectionAdditionalTaintStep extends Unit {
 }
 
 private class DefaultLogInjectionSink extends LogInjectionSink {
-  DefaultLogInjectionSink() { sinkNode(this, "log-injection") }
+  DefaultLogInjectionSink() {
+    sinkNode(this, "log-injection") and
+    not exists(MethodCall mc |
+      this.asExpr() = mc.getAnArgument() and
+      mc.getMethod().getName() in [
+        "debug", "trace", // SLF4J, Log4j, Commons Logging, JBoss Logging
+        "fine", "finer", "finest" // java.util.logging
+      ]
+    )
+  }
 }
 
 private class DefaultLogInjectionSanitizer extends LogInjectionSanitizer instanceof SimpleTypeSanitizer
 { }
 
+/**
+ * A call to `java.net.URLEncoder.encode(...)` is considered a sanitizer for log injection,
+ * since URL encoding replaces line breaks and other special characters with percent-encoded
+ * equivalents that cannot be used to forge log entries.
+ */
+private class UrlEncoderSanitizer extends LogInjectionSanitizer {
+  UrlEncoderSanitizer() {
+    exists(MethodCall mc |
+      mc.getMethod().getDeclaringType().hasQualifiedName("java.net", "URLEncoder") and
+      mc.getMethod().hasName("encode") and
+      this.asExpr() = mc
+    )
+  }
+}
+
 private class LineBreaksLogInjectionSanitizer extends LogInjectionSanitizer {
   LineBreaksLogInjectionSanitizer() {
     logInjectionSanitizer(this.asExpr())
diff --git a/java/ql/src/Security/CWE/CWE-117/LogInjection.ql b/java/ql/src/Security/CWE/CWE-117/LogInjection.ql
index f3efb578f76a..7974b1018943 100644
--- a/java/ql/src/Security/CWE/CWE-117/LogInjection.ql
+++ b/java/ql/src/Security/CWE/CWE-117/LogInjection.ql
@@ -13,9 +13,12 @@
 
 import java
 import semmle.code.java.security.LogInjectionQuery
+import semmle.code.java.dataflow.internal.ModelExclusions
 import LogInjectionFlow::PathGraph
 
 from LogInjectionFlow::PathNode source, LogInjectionFlow::PathNode sink
-where LogInjectionFlow::flowPath(source, sink)
+where
+  LogInjectionFlow::flowPath(source, sink) and
+  not isInTestFile(sink.getNode().getLocation().getFile())
 select sink.getNode(), source, sink, "This log entry depends on a $@.", source.getNode(),
   "user-provided value"
diff --git a/java/ql/src/change-notes/2025-06-14-log-injection-improvements.md b/java/ql/src/change-notes/2025-06-14-log-injection-improvements.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..223bd64cc2ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/ql/src/change-notes/2025-06-14-log-injection-improvements.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+category: majorAnalysis
+---
+* The `java/log-injection` query now excludes calls to DEBUG and TRACE level logging methods (`debug`, `trace`, `fine`, `finer`, `finest`) from its results, since these log levels are typically disabled in production and do not present a realistic log injection attack surface.
+* The `java/log-injection` query now recognizes `java.net.URLEncoder.encode()` as a sanitizer, since URL encoding replaces line breaks and other special characters with percent-encoded equivalents.
+* The `java/log-injection` query now excludes results in test files to reduce noise from non-production code.