[SEP-1613 regression] tools/list still emits draft-07 in 1.29.0 — `target` option missing from mcp.js `toJsonSchemaCompat` calls

[rsalus]

Describe the bug

SEP-1613 (tracked in #1057, closed 2025-11-21) was supposed to make JSON Schema 2020-12 the default dialect for tool inputSchema / outputSchema emission in tools/list. In @modelcontextprotocol/sdk@1.29.0, tools/list still emits draft-07 because mcp.js calls toJsonSchemaCompat(...) without passing a target option, and toJsonSchemaCompat's mapMiniTarget(undefined) falls back to 'draft-7'.

This appears to be a regression / partial implementation of SEP-1613; the SDK has the wiring for target: 'draft-2020-12' in zod-json-schema-compat.js, but the call sites in mcp.js don't pass it.

Impact

Every server built on @modelcontextprotocol/sdk since SEP-1613 closed advertises draft-07 schemas on tools/list, contrary to the MCP 2025-11-25 spec which mandates 2020-12. Strict validating clients reject those servers outright (#745 reported Claude Code returning 400s against Mapbox MCP for exactly this reason). For most simple schemas the break is silent (draft-07 is a structural subset of 2020-12), but tuple/composition-heavy schemas lose 2020-12-only keywords like prefixItems.

To Reproduce

1. Install @modelcontextprotocol/sdk@1.29.0 and zod@^4.
2. Register a tool with any Zod outputSchema.
3. Call tools/list.
4. Observe $schema: "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#" on every tool's inputSchema and outputSchema (or absent — falls back).

Expected behavior

Per SEP-1613, tools/list advertises $schema: "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema" by default.

Code path evidence (1.29.0)

dist/esm/server/mcp.js:76-95 — both inputSchema and outputSchema emission paths call toJsonSchemaCompat with NO target option:

inputSchema: (() => {
    const obj = normalizeObjectSchema(tool.inputSchema);
    return obj
        ? toJsonSchemaCompat(obj, {
            strictUnions: true,
            pipeStrategy: 'input'
        })
        : EMPTY_OBJECT_JSON_SCHEMA;
})(),
...
if (tool.outputSchema) {
    const obj = normalizeObjectSchema(tool.outputSchema);
    if (obj) {
        toolDefinition.outputSchema = toJsonSchemaCompat(obj, {
            strictUnions: true,
            pipeStrategy: 'output'
        });
    }
}

dist/esm/server/zod-json-schema-compat.js:9-18 — mapMiniTarget(undefined) returns 'draft-7':

function mapMiniTarget(t) {
    if (!t)
        return 'draft-7';
    if (t === 'jsonSchema7' || t === 'draft-7')
        return 'draft-7';
    if (t === 'jsonSchema2019-09' || t === 'draft-2020-12')
        return 'draft-2020-12';
    return 'draft-7'; // fallback
}

So mcp.js → toJsonSchemaCompat(obj, { strictUnions, pipeStrategy }) resolves to mapMiniTarget(undefined) === 'draft-7'.

Suggested fix

Pass target: 'draft-2020-12' in both mcp.js call sites (line 78 for inputSchema, line 91 for outputSchema):

 inputSchema: (() => {
     const obj = normalizeObjectSchema(tool.inputSchema);
     return obj
         ? toJsonSchemaCompat(obj, {
+            target: 'draft-2020-12',
             strictUnions: true,
             pipeStrategy: 'input'
         })
         : EMPTY_OBJECT_JSON_SCHEMA;
 })(),

 if (tool.outputSchema) {
     const obj = normalizeObjectSchema(tool.outputSchema);
     if (obj) {
         toolDefinition.outputSchema = toJsonSchemaCompat(obj, {
+            target: 'draft-2020-12',
             strictUnions: true,
             pipeStrategy: 'output'
         });
     }
 }

Alternatively, change mapMiniTarget(undefined) to default to 'draft-2020-12' per SEP-1613's intent, but explicit passing at the call sites is safer for callers that might rely on the legacy draft-7 default.

Test to verify

Register a tool with a non-trivial Zod v4 schema (including a tuple, for prefixItems-evidence), call tools/list, and assert:

1. tools[].inputSchema.$schema === 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema'
2. tools[].outputSchema.$schema === 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema' (when registered)
3. Tuple-array fields emit prefixItems (not items: [...])

Related

• Implement SEP-1613: JSON Schema 2020-12 as Default Dialect #1057 (SEP-1613 tracking issue, closed 2025-11-21) — likely incomplete; this regression suggests the call-site update was missed
• MCP TypeScript SDK generates JSON Schema draft-07, breaking compatibility with modern MCP clients requiring draft-2020-12 #745 (original draft-07 → 2020-12 bug report, closed 2025-12-05 — possibly closed in anticipation of Implement SEP-1613: JSON Schema 2020-12 as Default Dialect #1057's fix)
• Affected real-world consumer: lvlup-sw/exarchos#1366 — migration to Zod v4 to unlock native 2020-12 is blocked by this regression at the SDK boundary. We're patching locally via patch-package in the interim.

Environment

• @modelcontextprotocol/sdk@1.29.0
• zod@^4.4.3 (also reproduces on v3)
• Node 20+

[rsalus]

Opened #2085 against v1.x with the 2-line patch from the issue body, plus an extra $schema override in the Zod v3 path (since zod-to-json-schema has no native 2020-12 target, the option pass-through is a silent no-op there without it).