diff --git a/src/filesystem/path-validation.ts b/src/filesystem/path-validation.ts
index 972e9c49d0..0c9cbd84d3 100644
--- a/src/filesystem/path-validation.ts
+++ b/src/filesystem/path-validation.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import path from 'path';
+import path from 'path';
 
 /**
  * Checks if an absolute path is within any of the allowed directories.
@@ -61,26 +61,23 @@ export function isPathWithinAllowedDirectories(absolutePath: string, allowedDire
       throw new Error('Allowed directories must be absolute paths after normalization');
     }
 
-    // Check if normalizedPath is within normalizedDir
-    // Path is inside if it's the same or a subdirectory
-    if (normalizedPath === normalizedDir) {
+    // Windows file systems are case-insensitive: compare drive letters and
+    // UNC shares case-insensitively before the prefix containment check.
+    const ci = path.sep === '\\' ? (s: string) => s.toLowerCase() : (s: string) => s;
+
+    if (ci(normalizedPath) === ci(normalizedDir)) {
       return true;
     }
-    
-    // Special case for root directory to avoid double slash
-    // On Windows, we need to check if both paths are on the same drive
+
     if (normalizedDir === path.sep) {
       return normalizedPath.startsWith(path.sep);
     }
-    
-    // On Windows, also check for drive root (e.g., "C:\")
+
     if (path.sep === '\\' && normalizedDir.match(/^[A-Za-z]:\\?$/)) {
-      // Ensure both paths are on the same drive
-      const dirDrive = normalizedDir.charAt(0).toLowerCase();
-      const pathDrive = normalizedPath.charAt(0).toLowerCase();
-      return pathDrive === dirDrive && normalizedPath.startsWith(normalizedDir.replace(/\\?$/, '\\'));
+      return ci(normalizedDir.charAt(0)) === ci(normalizedPath.charAt(0))
+        && ci(normalizedPath).startsWith(ci(normalizedDir.replace(/\\?$/, '\\')));
     }
-    
-    return normalizedPath.startsWith(normalizedDir + path.sep);
+
+    return ci(normalizedPath).startsWith(ci(normalizedDir) + path.sep);
   });
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/memory/index.ts b/src/memory/index.ts
index 9865c5318e..930c6cddc6 100644
--- a/src/memory/index.ts
+++ b/src/memory/index.ts
@@ -70,10 +70,20 @@ export class KnowledgeGraphManager {
   constructor(private memoryFilePath: string) {}
 
   private async loadGraph(): Promise<KnowledgeGraph> {
+    let data: string;
     try {
-      const data = await fs.readFile(this.memoryFilePath, "utf-8");
-      const lines = data.split("\n").filter(line => line.trim() !== "");
-      return lines.reduce((graph: KnowledgeGraph, line) => {
+      data = await fs.readFile(this.memoryFilePath, "utf-8");
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error instanceof Error && 'code' in error && (error as any).code === "ENOENT") {
+        return { entities: [], relations: [] };
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+
+    const lines = data.split("\n").filter(line => line.trim() !== "");
+    const graph: KnowledgeGraph = { entities: [], relations: [] };
+    for (const line of lines) {
+      try {
         const item = JSON.parse(line);
         if (item.type === "entity") {
           graph.entities.push({
@@ -81,22 +91,20 @@ export class KnowledgeGraphManager {
             entityType: item.entityType,
             observations: item.observations
           });
-        }
-        if (item.type === "relation") {
+        } else if (item.type === "relation") {
           graph.relations.push({
             from: item.from,
             to: item.to,
             relationType: item.relationType
           });
         }
-        return graph;
-      }, { entities: [], relations: [] });
-    } catch (error) {
-      if (error instanceof Error && 'code' in error && (error as any).code === "ENOENT") {
-        return { entities: [], relations: [] };
+      } catch {
+        // Skip malformed lines (e.g. truncated by a crash mid-write) instead
+        // of crashing the whole server. Surfaces a warning on stderr.
+        console.error(`Skipping malformed memory line: ${line.slice(0, 120)}`);
       }
-      throw error;
     }
+    return graph;
   }
 
   private async saveGraph(graph: KnowledgeGraph): Promise<void> {
@@ -114,7 +122,11 @@ export class KnowledgeGraphManager {
         relationType: r.relationType
       })),
     ];
-    await fs.writeFile(this.memoryFilePath, lines.join("\n"));
+    // Atomic replace: write to a pid-suffixed temp file then rename so a
+    // crash mid-write can never leave a truncated memory file behind.
+    const tmpPath = `${this.memoryFilePath}.${process.pid}.tmp`;
+    await fs.writeFile(tmpPath, lines.join("\n"));
+    await fs.rename(tmpPath, this.memoryFilePath);
   }
 
   async createEntities(entities: Entity[]): Promise<Entity[]> {