diff --git a/src/mcp/shared/session.py b/src/mcp/shared/session.py
index 453e36274..d893b31f5 100644
--- a/src/mcp/shared/session.py
+++ b/src/mcp/shared/session.py
@@ -274,6 +274,10 @@ async def send_request(
                 class_name = request.__class__.__name__
                 message = f"Timed out while waiting for response to {class_name}. Waited {timeout} seconds."
                 raise MCPError(code=REQUEST_TIMEOUT, message=message)
+            except (anyio.EndOfStream, anyio.ClosedResourceError) as e:
+                class_name = request.__class__.__name__
+                message = f"Connection closed while waiting for response to {class_name}: {e}"
+                raise MCPError(code=CONNECTION_CLOSED, message=message)
 
             if isinstance(response_or_error, JSONRPCError):
                 raise MCPError.from_jsonrpc_error(response_or_error)
diff --git a/tests/shared/test_session.py b/tests/shared/test_session.py
index 182b4671d..53c24d51f 100644
--- a/tests/shared/test_session.py
+++ b/tests/shared/test_session.py
@@ -304,3 +304,59 @@ async def mock_server():
                 await ev_closed.wait()
             with anyio.fail_after(1):  # pragma: no branch
                 await ev_response.wait()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_response_stream_closed_raises_mcp_error():
+    """Test that EndOfStream on the per-request response stream raises MCPError.
+
+    Reproduces the race from #1717: if the per-request response stream is closed
+    (e.g. receive loop calls aclose() during shutdown) before send_request reads
+    from it, receive() raises EndOfStream. Without the fix, this propagates as an
+    unhandled EndOfStream (or causes UnboundLocalError).
+
+    Simulates this by closing the response stream's send side directly while the
+    server connection stays open (so the receive loop never enters its finally block).
+    """
+
+    ev_result = anyio.Event()
+    caught_error: list[MCPError] = []
+
+    async with create_client_server_memory_streams() as (client_streams, server_streams):
+        client_read, client_write = client_streams
+        server_read, _server_write = server_streams
+
+        async def make_request(client_session: ClientSession):
+            nonlocal caught_error
+            try:
+                await client_session.send_ping()
+                pytest.fail("Expected MCPError")  # pragma: no cover
+            except MCPError as e:
+                caught_error.append(e)
+                ev_result.set()
+
+        async def close_response_stream(client_session: ClientSession):
+            # Consume the request so the client's send completes
+            await server_read.receive()
+
+            # Wait for send_request to register its response stream
+            while not client_session._response_streams:  # pragma: no branch
+                await anyio.sleep(0.01)  # pragma: no cover
+
+            # Close the send side directly, bypassing the receive loop's
+            # graceful error injection. This triggers EndOfStream on receive().
+            for stream in client_session._response_streams.values():
+                await stream.aclose()
+
+        async with (
+            anyio.create_task_group() as tg,
+            ClientSession(read_stream=client_read, write_stream=client_write) as client_session,
+        ):
+            tg.start_soon(make_request, client_session)
+            tg.start_soon(close_response_stream, client_session)
+
+            with anyio.fail_after(2):  # pragma: no branch
+                await ev_result.wait()
+
+    assert len(caught_error) == 1
+    assert "Connection closed" in str(caught_error[0])