Merge branch 'master' into translation/1-js/11-async/07-microtask-queue/article.md

Author: bedrosenator

1-js/04-object-basics/02-garbage-collection/article.md

@@ -207,6 +207,6 @@ A general book "The Garbage Collection Handbook: The Art of Automatic Memory Man
 
 If you are familiar with low-level programming, the more detailed information about V8 garbage collector is in the article [A tour of V8: Garbage Collection](http://jayconrod.com/posts/55/a-tour-of-v8-garbage-collection).
 
-[V8 blog](http://v8project.blogspot.com/) also publishes articles about changes in memory management from time to time. Naturally, to learn the garbage collection, you'd better prepare by learning about V8 internals in general and read the blog of [Vyacheslav Egorov](http://mrale.ph) who worked as one of V8 engineers. I'm saying: "V8", because it is best covered with articles in the internet. For other engines, many approaches are similar, but garbage collection differs in many aspects.
+[V8 blog](https://v8.dev/) also publishes articles about changes in memory management from time to time. Naturally, to learn the garbage collection, you'd better prepare by learning about V8 internals in general and read the blog of [Vyacheslav Egorov](http://mrale.ph) who worked as one of V8 engineers. I'm saying: "V8", because it is best covered with articles in the internet. For other engines, many approaches are similar, but garbage collection differs in many aspects.
 
 In-depth knowledge of engines is good when you need low-level optimizations. It would be wise to plan that as the next step after you're familiar with the language.  

1-js/04-object-basics/04-object-methods/article.md

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ user.sayHi(); // Hello!
 ```smart header="Object-oriented programming"
 When we write our code using objects to represent entities, that's called an [object-oriented programming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming), in short: "OOP".
 
-OOP is a big thing, an interesting science of its own. How to choose the right entities? How to organize the interaction between them? That's architecture, and there are great books on that topic, like "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software" by E.Gamma, R.Helm, R.Johnson, J.Vissides or "Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications" by G.Booch, and more. 
+OOP is a big thing, an interesting science of its own. How to choose the right entities? How to organize the interaction between them? That's architecture, and there are great books on that topic, like "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software" by E.Gamma, R.Helm, R.Johnson, J.Vissides or "Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications" by G.Booch, and more.
 ```
 ### Method shorthand
 
@@ -72,14 +72,14 @@ There exists a shorter syntax for methods in an object literal:
 ```js
 // these objects do the same
 
-let user = {
+user = {
   sayHi: function() {
     alert("Hello");
   }
 };
 
 // method shorthand looks better, right?
-let user = {
+user = {
 *!*
   sayHi() { // same as "sayHi: function()"
 */!*
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ If we used `this.name` instead of `user.name` inside the `alert`, then the code
 
 ## "this" is not bound
 
-In JavaScript, "this" keyword behaves unlike most other programming languages. First, it can be used in any function.
+In JavaScript, "this" keyword behaves unlike most other programming languages. It can be used in any function.
 
 There's no syntax error in the code like that:
 
@@ -176,9 +176,9 @@ function sayHi() {
 }
 ```
 
-The value of `this` is evaluated during the run-time. And it can be anything.
+The value of `this` is evaluated during the run-time, depending on the context. And it can be anything.
 
-For instance, the same function may have different "this" when called from different objects:
+For instance, here the same function is assigned to two different objects and has different "this" in the calls:
 
 ```js run
 let user = { name: "John" };
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ function sayHi() {
 }
 
 *!*
-// use the same functions in two objects
+// use the same function in two objects
 user.f = sayHi;
 admin.f = sayHi;
 */!*
@@ -202,7 +202,10 @@ admin.f(); // Admin  (this == admin)
 admin['f'](); // Admin (dot or square brackets access the method – doesn't matter)
 ```
 
-Actually, we can call the function without an object at all:
+The rule is simple: if `obj.f()` is called, then `this` is `obj` during the call of `f`. So it's either `user` or `admin` in the example above.
+
+````smart header="Calling without an object: `this == undefined`"
+We can even call the function without an object at all:
 
 ```js run
 function sayHi() {
@@ -216,7 +219,8 @@ In this case `this` is `undefined` in strict mode. If we try to access `this.nam
 
 In non-strict mode the value of `this` in such case will be the *global object* (`window` in a browser, we'll get to it later in the chapter [](info:global-object)). This is a historical behavior that `"use strict"` fixes.
 
-Please note that usually a call of a function that uses `this` without an object is not normal, but rather a programming mistake. If a function has `this`, then it is usually meant to be called in the context of an object.
+Usually such call is an programming error. If there's `this` inside a function, it expects to be called in an object context.
+````
 
 ```smart header="The consequences of unbound `this`"
 If you come from another programming language, then you are probably used to the idea of a "bound `this`", where methods defined in an object always have `this` referencing that object.

1-js/05-data-types/02-number/3-repeat-until-number/_js.view/test.js

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ describe("readNumber", function() {
     assert.strictEqual(readNumber(), 0);
   });
 
-  it("continues the loop unti meets a number", function() {
+  it("continues the loop until meets a number", function() {
     prompt.onCall(0).returns("not a number");
     prompt.onCall(1).returns("not a number again");
     prompt.onCall(2).returns("1");
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ describe("readNumber", function() {
     assert.isNull(readNumber());
   });
 
-});
+});

1-js/05-data-types/11-json/article.md

@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ alert(json);
 
 Полученная строка `json` называется *JSON-форматированным* или *сериализованным* объектом. Мы можем отправить его по сети или поместить в обычное хранилище данных.
 
-
 Обратите внимание, что объект в формате JSON имеет несколько важных отличий от объектного литерала:
 
 - Строки используют двойные кавычки. Никаких одинарных кавычек или обратных кавычек в JSON. Так `'John'` становится `"John"`.

2-ui/1-document/05-basic-dom-node-properties/2-lastchild-nodetype-inline/solution.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-There's a catch here.
+Здесь есть подвох.
 
-At the time of `<script>` execution the last DOM node is exactly `<script>`, because the browser did not process the rest of the page yet.
+Во время выполнения `<script>` последним DOM-узлом является `<script>`, потому что браузер ещё не обработал остальную часть страницы.
 
-So the result is `1` (element node).
+Поэтому результатом будет `1` (узел-элемент).
 
 ```html run height=60
 <html>

2-ui/1-document/05-basic-dom-node-properties/2-lastchild-nodetype-inline/task.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ importance: 5
 
 ---
 
-# What's in the nodeType?
+# Что содержит свойство nodeType?
 
-What does the script show?
+Что выведет этот код?
 
 ```html
 <html>

2-ui/1-document/05-basic-dom-node-properties/2-tree-info/solution.md

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-Let's make a loop over `<li>`:
+Пройдем циклом по всем элементам `<li>`:
 
 ```js
 for (let li of document.querySelectorAll('li')) {
   ...
 }
 ```
 
-In the loop we need to get the text inside every `li`. We can read it directly from the first child node, that is the text node:
+В цикле нам нужно получить текст в каждом элементе `li`. Мы можем прочитать текстовое содержимое элемента списска из первого дочернего узла `li`, который будет текстовым узлом:
 
 ```js
 for (let li of document.querySelectorAll('li')) {
   let title = li.firstChild.data;
 
-  // title is the text in <li> before any other nodes
+  // переменная title содержит текст элемента <li> 
 }
 ```
 
-Then we can get the number of descendants `li.getElementsByTagName('li')`.
+Так мы сможем получить количество потомков как `li.getElementsByTagName('li').length`.

2-ui/1-document/05-basic-dom-node-properties/2-tree-info/solution.view/index.html

@@ -3,36 +3,36 @@
 <body>
 
   <ul>
-    <li>Animals
+    <li>Животные
       <ul>
-        <li>Mammals
+        <li>Млекопитающие
           <ul>
-            <li>Cows</li>
-            <li>Donkeys</li>
-            <li>Dogs</li>
-            <li>Tigers</li>
+            <li>Коровы</li>
+            <li>Ослы</li>
+            <li>Собаки</li>
+            <li>Тигры</li>
           </ul>
         </li>
-        <li>Other
+        <li>Другие
           <ul>
-            <li>Snakes</li>
-            <li>Birds</li>
-            <li>Lizards</li>
+            <li>Змеи</li>
+            <li>Птицы</li>
+            <li>Ящерицы</li>
           </ul>
         </li>
       </ul>
     </li>
-    <li>Fishes
+    <li>Рыбы
       <ul>
-        <li>Aquarium
+        <li>Аквариумные
           <ul>
-            <li>Guppy</li>
-            <li>Angelfish</li>
+            <li>Гуппи</li>
+            <li>Рыба-ангел</li>
           </ul>
         </li>
-        <li>Sea
+        <li>Морские
           <ul>
-            <li>Sea trout</li>
+            <li>Морская форель</li>
           </ul>
         </li>
       </ul>
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@
 
   <script>
     for (let li of document.querySelectorAll('li')) {
-      // get the title from the text node
+      // получаем название из текстового узла
       let title = li.firstChild.data;
 
-      title = title.trim(); // remove extra spaces from ends
+      title = title.trim(); // удаляем лишние пробелы c конца строки
 
-      // get the descendants count
+      // считаем количество потомков
       let count = li.getElementsByTagName('li').length;
 
       alert(title + ': ' + count);

2-ui/1-document/05-basic-dom-node-properties/2-tree-info/source.view/index.html

@@ -3,44 +3,44 @@
 <body>
 
   <ul>
-    <li>Animals
+    <li>Животные
       <ul>
-        <li>Mammals
+        <li>Млекопитающие
           <ul>
-            <li>Cows</li>
-            <li>Donkeys</li>
-            <li>Dogs</li>
-            <li>Tigers</li>
+            <li>Коровы</li>
+            <li>Ослы</li>
+            <li>Собаки</li>
+            <li>Тигры</li>
           </ul>
         </li>
-        <li>Other
+        <li>Другие
           <ul>
-            <li>Snakes</li>
-            <li>Birds</li>
-            <li>Lizards</li>
+            <li>Змеи</li>
+            <li>Птицы</li>
+            <li>Ящерицы</li>
           </ul>
         </li>
       </ul>
     </li>
-    <li>Fishes
+    <li>Рыбы
       <ul>
-        <li>Aquarium
+        <li>Аквариумные
           <ul>
-            <li>Guppy</li>
-            <li>Angelfish</li>
+            <li>Гуппи</li>
+            <li>Рыба-ангел</li>
           </ul>
         </li>
-        <li>Sea
+        <li>Морские
           <ul>
-            <li>Sea trout</li>
+            <li>Морская форель</li>
           </ul>
         </li>
       </ul>
     </li>
   </ul>
 
   <script>
-    // ... your code...
+    // ... ваш код...
   </script>
 
 </body>

2-ui/1-document/05-basic-dom-node-properties/2-tree-info/task.md

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ importance: 5
 
 ---
 
-# Count descendants
+# Считаем потомков
 
-There's a tree structured as nested `ul/li`.
+У нас есть дерево, структурированное как вложенные списки `ul/li`.
 
-Write the code that for each `<li>` shows:
+Напишите код, который выведет каждый элемент списка `<li>`:
 
-1. What's the text inside it (without the subtree)
-2. The number of nested `<li>` -- all descendants, including the deeply nested ones.
+1. Какой в нём текст (без поддерева) ?
+2. Какое число потомков -- всех вложенных `<li>` (включая глубоко вложенные) ?
 
 [demo src="solution"]