diff --git a/analysis-baseline.toml b/analysis-baseline.toml
index 6259f5930..f214ee80e 100644
--- a/analysis-baseline.toml
+++ b/analysis-baseline.toml
@@ -438,18 +438,6 @@ code = "unreachable-else-clause"
 message = "Unreachable else clause"
 count = 1
 
-[[issues]]
-file = "src/Integration/ModulesIntegration.php"
-code = "no-value"
-message = "Argument #1 passed to function `array_keys` has type `never`, meaning it cannot produce a value."
-count = 1
-
-[[issues]]
-file = "src/Integration/ModulesIntegration.php"
-code = "non-existent-class-like"
-message = 'Class, interface, enum, or trait `PackageVersions\Versions` not found.'
-count = 1
-
 [[issues]]
 file = "src/Integration/RequestIntegration.php"
 code = "invalid-property-assignment-value"
diff --git a/mago.toml b/mago.toml
index d1b63f09d..f8b021c00 100644
--- a/mago.toml
+++ b/mago.toml
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ excludes = [
     "tests/resources/**",
     "tests/Fixtures/**",
     "src/Util/ClockMock.php",
+    "vendor/open-telemetry/gen-otlp-protobuf/GPBMetadata/**",
 ]
 
 [analyzer]
diff --git a/src/Integration/ModulesIntegration.php b/src/Integration/ModulesIntegration.php
index 8148b3778..6dd620d24 100644
--- a/src/Integration/ModulesIntegration.php
+++ b/src/Integration/ModulesIntegration.php
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 use Composer\InstalledVersions;
 use Jean85\PrettyVersions;
-use PackageVersions\Versions;
 use Sentry\Event;
 use Sentry\SentrySdk;
 use Sentry\State\Scope;
@@ -67,12 +66,19 @@ private static function getInstalledPackages(): array
             return InstalledVersions::getInstalledPackages();
         }
 
-        if (class_exists(Versions::class)) {
+        $versionsClass = 'PackageVersions\\Versions';
+
+        if (class_exists($versionsClass)) {
             // BC layer for Composer 1, using a transient dependency
-            /** @var string[] $packages */
-            $packages = array_keys(Versions::VERSIONS);
+            /** @var mixed $versions */
+            $versions = \constant($versionsClass . '::VERSIONS');
+
+            if (\is_array($versions)) {
+                /** @var string[] $packages */
+                $packages = array_keys($versions);
 
-            return $packages;
+                return $packages;
+            }
         }
 
         // this should not happen
diff --git a/src/Util/CodeLocationResolver.php b/src/Util/CodeLocationResolver.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc968e70c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Util/CodeLocationResolver.php
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Sentry\Util;
+
+use Sentry\Frame;
+use Sentry\FrameBuilder;
+use Sentry\Options;
+use Sentry\Serializer\RepresentationSerializerInterface;
+
+/**
+ * Resolves code location metadata from backtraces.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ *
+ * @phpstan-import-type StacktraceFrame from FrameBuilder
+ */
+final class CodeLocationResolver
+{
+    /**
+     * @var FrameBuilder An instance of the builder of {@see Frame} objects
+     */
+    private $frameBuilder;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param Options                           $options                  The SDK client options
+     * @param RepresentationSerializerInterface $representationSerializer The representation serializer
+     */
+    public function __construct(Options $options, RepresentationSerializerInterface $representationSerializer)
+    {
+        $this->frameBuilder = new FrameBuilder($options, $representationSerializer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves the first in-app frame from the current backtrace into code
+     * location metadata.
+     *
+     * @return array{'code.filepath': string, 'code.function': string|null, 'code.lineno': int}|null
+     */
+    public function resolve(int $limit = 20): ?array
+    {
+        /** @var list<StacktraceFrame> $backtrace */
+        $backtrace = debug_backtrace(\DEBUG_BACKTRACE_IGNORE_ARGS, $limit);
+
+        return $this->resolveFromBacktrace($backtrace);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves the first in-app frame from a backtrace into code location metadata.
+     *
+     * @param array<int, array<string, mixed>> $backtrace The backtrace
+     *
+     * @phpstan-param list<StacktraceFrame> $backtrace
+     *
+     * @return array{'code.filepath': string, 'code.function': string|null, 'code.lineno': int}|null
+     */
+    public function resolveFromBacktrace(array $backtrace): ?array
+    {
+        $frame = $this->findFirstInAppFrameForBacktrace($backtrace);
+
+        if ($frame === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return $this->getCodeLocationForFrame($frame);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the first in-app frame for a given backtrace.
+     *
+     * @param array<int, array<string, mixed>> $backtrace The backtrace
+     *
+     * @phpstan-param list<StacktraceFrame> $backtrace
+     */
+    public function findFirstInAppFrameForBacktrace(array $backtrace): ?Frame
+    {
+        $file = Frame::INTERNAL_FRAME_FILENAME;
+        $line = 0;
+
+        foreach ($backtrace as $backtraceFrame) {
+            $frame = $this->frameBuilder->buildFromBacktraceFrame($file, $line, $backtraceFrame);
+
+            if ($frame->isInApp()) {
+                return $frame;
+            }
+
+            $file = $backtraceFrame['file'] ?? Frame::INTERNAL_FRAME_FILENAME;
+            $line = $backtraceFrame['line'] ?? 0;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a frame into code location metadata.
+     *
+     * @return array{'code.filepath': string, 'code.function': string|null, 'code.lineno': int}
+     */
+    public function getCodeLocationForFrame(Frame $frame): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'code.filepath' => $frame->getFile(),
+            'code.function' => $frame->getFunctionName(),
+            'code.lineno' => $frame->getLine(),
+        ];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/CodeLocationResolverTest.php b/tests/CodeLocationResolverTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a45f8a23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/CodeLocationResolverTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Sentry\Tests;
+
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use Sentry\Frame;
+use Sentry\Options;
+use Sentry\Serializer\RepresentationSerializer;
+use Sentry\Util\CodeLocationResolver;
+
+final class CodeLocationResolverTest extends TestCase
+{
+    public function testFindFirstInAppFrameForBacktrace(): void
+    {
+        $expectedLine = 123;
+        $resolver = $this->createResolver([
+            'prefixes' => [],
+        ]);
+
+        $frame = $resolver->findFirstInAppFrameForBacktrace($this->createQueryBacktrace($expectedLine));
+
+        $this->assertNotNull($frame);
+        $this->assertSame(__FILE__, $frame->getFile());
+        $this->assertSame($expectedLine, $frame->getLine());
+        $this->assertSame('App\\Repository\\UserRepository::findActiveUsers', $frame->getFunctionName());
+    }
+
+    public function testResolveFromBacktraceReturnsCodeLocationMetadata(): void
+    {
+        $expectedLine = 321;
+        $resolver = $this->createResolver([
+            'prefixes' => [\dirname(__DIR__)],
+        ]);
+
+        $location = $resolver->resolveFromBacktrace($this->createQueryBacktrace($expectedLine));
+
+        $this->assertNotNull($location);
+        $this->assertSame(\DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'tests' . \DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'CodeLocationResolverTest.php', $location['code.filepath']);
+        $this->assertSame('App\\Repository\\UserRepository::findActiveUsers', $location['code.function']);
+        $this->assertSame($expectedLine, $location['code.lineno']);
+    }
+
+    public function testResolveFromBacktraceReturnsNullWithoutInAppFrame(): void
+    {
+        $resolver = $this->createResolver();
+
+        $location = $resolver->resolveFromBacktrace([
+            [
+                'file' => Frame::INTERNAL_FRAME_FILENAME,
+                'line' => 0,
+                'function' => 'internal',
+            ],
+            [
+                'class' => 'Doctrine\\DBAL\\Connection',
+                'function' => 'executeQuery',
+            ],
+        ]);
+
+        $this->assertNull($location);
+    }
+
+    private function createResolver(array $options = []): CodeLocationResolver
+    {
+        $options = new Options($options);
+
+        return new CodeLocationResolver($options, new RepresentationSerializer($options));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<int, array<string, mixed>>
+     */
+    private function createQueryBacktrace(int $line): array
+    {
+        return [
+            [
+                'file' => Frame::INTERNAL_FRAME_FILENAME,
+                'line' => 0,
+                'function' => 'internal',
+            ],
+            [
+                'file' => __FILE__,
+                'line' => $line,
+                'class' => 'Doctrine\\DBAL\\Connection',
+                'function' => 'executeQuery',
+            ],
+            [
+                'class' => 'App\\Repository\\UserRepository',
+                'function' => 'findActiveUsers',
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+}