diff --git a/docs/release-notes/.FSharp.Compiler.Service/11.0.100.md b/docs/release-notes/.FSharp.Compiler.Service/11.0.100.md
index 7d4162f804e..f3632218a39 100644
--- a/docs/release-notes/.FSharp.Compiler.Service/11.0.100.md
+++ b/docs/release-notes/.FSharp.Compiler.Service/11.0.100.md
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 * Fix parser recovery, name resolution, and code completion for unfinished enum patterns ([PR #19708](https://github.com/dotnet/fsharp/pull/19708))
 * Parser: fix unexpected diagnostics in debug builds, improve error messages ([PR #19730](https://github.com/dotnet/fsharp/pull/19730))
 * Fix signature conformance: overloaded member with unit parameter `M(())` now matches sig `member M: unit -> unit`. ([Issue #19596](https://github.com/dotnet/fsharp/issues/19596), [PR #19615](https://github.com/dotnet/fsharp/pull/19615))
+* Reference assembly MVIDs are now deterministic across compiler invocations. Previously, `--refout` / `<ProduceReferenceAssembly>true</ProduceReferenceAssembly>` produced a different MVID every build because the implied signature hash used .NET's randomized `String.GetHashCode()`. ([Issue #19751](https://github.com/dotnet/fsharp/issues/19751), [PR #19801](https://github.com/dotnet/fsharp/pull/19801))
 
 ### Added
 
diff --git a/src/Compiler/Driver/fsc.fs b/src/Compiler/Driver/fsc.fs
index 1912f13ff71..43157660212 100644
--- a/src/Compiler/Driver/fsc.fs
+++ b/src/Compiler/Driver/fsc.fs
@@ -873,6 +873,8 @@ let main3
 
             let observer = if hasIvt then PublicAndInternal else PublicOnly
 
+            // `hash` here is on byte[] / int64, neither of which depends on
+            // String.GetHashCode; safe for deterministic output. See issue #19751.
             let optDataHash =
                 optDataResources
                 |> List.map (fun ilResource ->
diff --git a/src/Compiler/Utilities/TypeHashing.fs b/src/Compiler/Utilities/TypeHashing.fs
index 5ada7732fe4..0575381fd4b 100644
--- a/src/Compiler/Utilities/TypeHashing.fs
+++ b/src/Compiler/Utilities/TypeHashing.fs
@@ -18,7 +18,18 @@ module internal HashingPrimitives =
 
     type Hash = int
 
-    let inline hashText (s: string) : Hash = hash s
+    /// FNV-1a 32-bit over UTF-16 code units – deterministic across processes
+    /// (unlike String.GetHashCode which is randomized in .NET 6+).
+    let hashStableString (s: string) : Hash =
+        let mutable h = 2166136261u
+
+        for c in s do
+            h <- (h ^^^ uint32 c) * 16777619u
+
+        int h
+
+    let hashText (s: string) : Hash = hashStableString s
+
     let inline combineHash acc y : Hash = (acc <<< 1) + y + 631
     let inline pipeToHash (value: Hash) (acc: Hash) = combineHash acc value
     let inline addFullStructuralHash value (acc: Hash) = combineHash acc (hash value)
@@ -91,7 +102,7 @@ module HashIL =
     let hashILTypeRef (tref: ILTypeRef) =
         tref.Enclosing
         |> hashListOrderMatters hashText
-        |> addFullStructuralHash tref.Name
+        |> pipeToHash (hashText tref.Name)
 
     let private hashILArrayShape (sh: ILArrayShape) = sh.Rank
 
diff --git a/tests/FSharp.Compiler.ComponentTests/CompilerOptions/fsc/determinism/determinism.fs b/tests/FSharp.Compiler.ComponentTests/CompilerOptions/fsc/determinism/determinism.fs
index 54915e18518..be9006bc946 100644
--- a/tests/FSharp.Compiler.ComponentTests/CompilerOptions/fsc/determinism/determinism.fs
+++ b/tests/FSharp.Compiler.ComponentTests/CompilerOptions/fsc/determinism/determinism.fs
@@ -4,8 +4,11 @@ namespace CompilerOptions.Fsc
 open Xunit
 open FSharp.Test
 open FSharp.Test.Compiler
+open FSharp.Test.Utilities
 open System
 open System.IO
+open System.Reflection.Metadata
+open System.Reflection.PortableExecutable
 
 module determinism =
 
@@ -139,3 +142,45 @@ module Determinism
             areSame (Path.ChangeExtension(exename1, "pdb")) (Path.ChangeExtension(exename2, "pdb"))
         | _ -> raise (new Exception "Pathmap1 and PathMap2 do not match")
 
+    /// Compile to ref assembly out-of-process via runFscProcess.
+    /// Separate processes needed because String.GetHashCode is seeded once per process.
+    let private compileRefAssembly (workDir: string) (sourceFile: string) : string * string =
+        Directory.CreateDirectory workDir |> ignore
+        let outDll = Path.Combine(workDir, "Out.dll")
+        let outRef = Path.Combine(workDir, "Out.ref.dll")
+        let defaultOpts = CompilerAssert.DefaultProjectOptions(TargetFramework.Current).OtherOptions
+        let result = runFscProcess [
+            yield "--target:library"
+            yield "--deterministic+"
+            yield! (defaultOpts |> Array.toList)
+            yield $"--refout:{outRef}"
+            yield $"-o:{outDll}"
+            yield sourceFile
+        ]
+        if result.ExitCode <> 0 then
+            failwithf "fsc exit %d\nstdout:%s\nstderr:%s" result.ExitCode result.StdOut result.StdErr
+        outDll, outRef
+
+    let private readMvid (dll: string) : Guid =
+        use peReader = new PEReader(File.OpenRead dll)
+        let reader = peReader.GetMetadataReader()
+        reader.GetGuid(reader.GetModuleDefinition().Mvid)
+
+    // Regression test for https://github.com/dotnet/fsharp/issues/19751
+    // Two separate fsc processes needed to detect randomized String.GetHashCode seeds.
+    [<FactForNETCOREAPP>]
+    let ``Reference assembly MVID is deterministic across separate fsc invocations`` () =
+        let tempRoot =
+            Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "fsharp-ref-mvid-test-" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"))
+        try
+            Directory.CreateDirectory tempRoot |> ignore
+            let src = Path.Combine(tempRoot, "Foo.fs")
+            File.WriteAllText(src, "module Foo.Core\n\nlet foo (x: int) : int = x + 1\n")
+
+            let dll1, ref1 = compileRefAssembly (Path.Combine(tempRoot, "out1")) src
+            let dll2, ref2 = compileRefAssembly (Path.Combine(tempRoot, "out2")) src
+
+            Assert.Equal(readMvid ref1, readMvid ref2)
+            Assert.Equal(readMvid dll1, readMvid dll2)
+        finally
+            try Directory.Delete(tempRoot, true) with _ -> ()