diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/components/AnalyticsCharts.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/components/AnalyticsCharts.tsx
index f72dcdd1c..22ed0ead2 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/components/AnalyticsCharts.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/components/AnalyticsCharts.tsx
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ export function AnalyticsCharts({ data, projectId }: AnalyticsChartsProps) {
               htmlFor="baseline-select"
               className="text-xs font-medium uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-500"
             >
-              Baseline target
+              Baseline provider/model
             </label>
             <select
               id="baseline-select"
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ export function AnalyticsCharts({ data, projectId }: AnalyticsChartsProps) {
 
           {!baseline && (
             <p className="text-xs text-gray-500">
-              Select a baseline target above to see gain and delta charts.
+              Select a baseline provider/model above to see gain and delta charts.
             </p>
           )}
         </div>
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ function NormalizedGainChart({ data, baseline }: { data: CompareResponse; baseli
     return (
       <ChartSection title="Normalized Gain (g)">
         <p className="text-xs text-gray-500">
-          No gain data available. Ensure multiple targets exist.
+          No gain data available. Ensure multiple provider/model labels exist.
         </p>
       </ChartSection>
     );
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ function NegativeDeltaTable({ data, baseline }: { data: CompareResponse; baselin
           <thead className="border-b border-gray-800 bg-gray-900/50">
             <tr>
               <th className="px-4 py-3 font-medium text-gray-400">Experiment</th>
-              <th className="px-4 py-3 font-medium text-gray-400">Target</th>
+              <th className="px-4 py-3 font-medium text-gray-400">Provider/Model</th>
               <th className="px-4 py-3 text-right font-medium text-gray-400">Avg Score</th>
               <th className="px-4 py-3 text-right font-medium text-gray-400">Delta</th>
               <th className="px-4 py-3 text-right font-medium text-gray-400">g</th>
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/components/EvalDetail.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/components/EvalDetail.tsx
index 3957e0f44..dc8a58fa3 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/components/EvalDetail.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/components/EvalDetail.tsx
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ function SourceTab({ result }: { result: EvalResult }) {
           <SourceMetaRow label="Test ID" value={traceability.test_id ?? result.testId} />
           <SourceMetaRow label="Legacy suite" value={result.suite} />
           <SourceMetaRow label="Category" value={result.category} />
-          <SourceMetaRow label="Target" value={result.target} />
+          <SourceMetaRow label="Provider/Model" value={result.target} />
         </dl>
       </section>
 
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/components/ResultTable.test.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/components/ResultTable.test.tsx
index 66e3432ec..f4ba34e44 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/components/ResultTable.test.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/components/ResultTable.test.tsx
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ describe('ResultTable target error kind', () => {
       target_error_kind: 'timeout',
     });
 
-    expect(html).toContain('[target:timeout] target timed out');
+    expect(html).toContain('[provider:timeout] target timed out');
   });
 
   it('falls back to the legacy nested target_execution shape on older bundles', () => {
@@ -145,6 +145,6 @@ describe('ResultTable target error kind', () => {
       target_execution: { error_kind: 'timeout' },
     });
 
-    expect(html).toContain('[target:timeout] target timed out');
+    expect(html).toContain('[provider:timeout] target timed out');
   });
 });
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/components/ResultTable.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/components/ResultTable.tsx
index 4a1a57de4..1b5bba1c0 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/components/ResultTable.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/components/ResultTable.tsx
@@ -345,19 +345,19 @@ export function ResultTable({
               type="search"
               value={model.state.search}
               onChange={(event) => updateState({ search: event.target.value })}
-              placeholder="Search tests, targets, graders, assertions"
+              placeholder="Search tests, providers, models, graders, assertions"
               className="w-full rounded-md border border-gray-700 bg-gray-950 px-3 py-1.5 text-sm text-gray-100 placeholder:text-gray-600 focus:border-cyan-500 focus:outline-none focus:ring-1 focus:ring-cyan-500"
             />
           </label>
 
           <label>
-            <span className="sr-only">Filter by target</span>
+            <span className="sr-only">Filter by provider/model</span>
             <select
               value={model.state.target}
               onChange={(event) => updateState({ target: event.target.value })}
               className="w-full rounded-md border border-gray-700 bg-gray-950 px-3 py-1.5 text-sm text-gray-100 focus:border-cyan-500 focus:outline-none focus:ring-1 focus:ring-cyan-500"
             >
-              <option value="all">All targets</option>
+              <option value="all">All provider/model labels</option>
               {model.targetOptions.map((target) => (
                 <option key={target} value={target}>
                   {target}
@@ -642,8 +642,8 @@ function formatTargetError(
   error: string | undefined,
   kind: string | undefined,
 ): string | undefined {
-  if (!error) return kind ? `Target error: ${kind}` : undefined;
-  return kind ? `[target:${kind}] ${error}` : error;
+  if (!error) return kind ? `Provider error: ${kind}` : undefined;
+  return kind ? `[provider:${kind}] ${error}` : error;
 }
 
 function targetErrorKind(value: {
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/components/RunEvalModal.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/components/RunEvalModal.tsx
index 00fe63dfa..bdb2cb18f 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/components/RunEvalModal.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/components/RunEvalModal.tsx
@@ -294,10 +294,10 @@ export function RunEvalModal({ open, onClose, projectId, prefill }: RunEvalModal
           )}
         </div>
 
-        {/* Target override */}
+        {/* Provider override */}
         <div>
           <label htmlFor="target-override" className="mb-1 block text-sm font-medium text-gray-300">
-            Target Override
+            Provider Override
           </label>
           <select
             id="target-override"
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ export function RunEvalModal({ open, onClose, projectId, prefill }: RunEvalModal
             onChange={(e) => setTarget(e.target.value)}
             className="w-full rounded-md border border-gray-700 bg-gray-800 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-white focus:border-cyan-600 focus:outline-none"
           >
-            <option value="">Use eval's configured target</option>
+            <option value="">Use eval's configured provider</option>
             {targetNames.map((name) => (
               <option key={name} value={name}>
                 {name}
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/components/RunList.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/components/RunList.tsx
index d816cae96..8facb0e71 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/components/RunList.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/components/RunList.tsx
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ export function RunList({
         }
         const count = err.duplicates.length;
         const confirmed = window.confirm(
-          `${count} duplicate (test_id, target) pair${count === 1 ? '' : 's'} found. Replace duplicates with the latest timestamp?`,
+          `${count} duplicate (test ID, provider/model) pair${count === 1 ? '' : 's'} found. Replace duplicates with the latest timestamp?`,
         );
         if (!confirmed) return;
         result = await combineRunsApi(sourceRunIds, 'latest', projectId, undefined, experiment);
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ export function RunList({
               {enableCombine && <th className="w-10 px-4 py-3" />}
               <th className="w-8 px-4 py-3" />
               <th className="w-[18rem] px-4 py-3 font-medium text-gray-400">Experiment</th>
-              <th className="w-[16rem] px-4 py-3 font-medium text-gray-400">Target</th>
+              <th className="w-[16rem] px-4 py-3 font-medium text-gray-400">Provider/Model</th>
               <th className="px-4 py-3 font-medium text-gray-400">Remote</th>
               <th className="px-4 py-3 text-right font-medium text-gray-400">Passed</th>
               <th className="px-4 py-3 text-right font-medium text-gray-400">Failures</th>
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ export function RunList({
                     </div>
                   </td>
 
-                  {/* Target */}
+                  {/* Provider/model label */}
                   <td className="w-[16rem] max-w-[16rem] px-4 py-3">
                     <div className="min-w-0">
                       <div className="flex min-w-0 items-center gap-2">
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/components/Sidebar.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/components/Sidebar.tsx
index 120fd0834..fb78a81af 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/components/Sidebar.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/components/Sidebar.tsx
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ const projectNavItems: { id: ProjectTabId; label: string; description: string }[
   { id: 'runs', label: 'Recent Runs', description: 'Run review' },
   { id: 'tags', label: 'Tags', description: 'Grouped runs' },
   { id: 'analytics', label: 'Analytics', description: 'Compare scores' },
-  { id: 'targets', label: 'Targets', description: 'Target results' },
+  { id: 'targets', label: 'Providers', description: 'Provider results' },
 ];
 
 function sidebarLinkClass(isActive: boolean): string {
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/components/TagValueDetail.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/components/TagValueDetail.tsx
index 45a96189d..bbe5499c1 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/components/TagValueDetail.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/components/TagValueDetail.tsx
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ export function TagValueDetail({ tagKey, tagValue, projectId }: TagValueDetailPr
         </p>
         <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold text-white">{tagValue}</h1>
         <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-gray-400">
-          {runCount} run{runCount !== 1 ? 's' : ''} &middot; {targetCount} target
+          {runCount} run{runCount !== 1 ? 's' : ''} &middot; {targetCount} provider/model label
           {targetCount !== 1 ? 's' : ''}
           {group?.last_run && (
             <span className="ml-2">&middot; Last run: {formatTimestamp(group.last_run)}</span>
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ export function TagValueDetail({ tagKey, tagValue, projectId }: TagValueDetailPr
       {group && (
         <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-4">
           <StatCard label="Runs" value={String(runCount)} />
-          <StatCard label="Targets" value={String(targetCount)} />
+          <StatCard label="Providers" value={String(targetCount)} />
           <StatCard
             label="Pass Rate"
             value={`${Math.round(passRate * 100)}%`}
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/components/TagsTab.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/components/TagsTab.tsx
index ec33234aa..5365ce5dc 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/components/TagsTab.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/components/TagsTab.tsx
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ export function TagsTab({ projectId, tagKey, onTagKeyChange }: TagsTabProps) {
               <tr>
                 <th className="px-4 py-3 font-medium text-gray-400">{tagKeyLabel(effectiveKey)}</th>
                 <th className="px-4 py-3 text-right font-medium text-gray-400">Runs</th>
-                <th className="px-4 py-3 text-right font-medium text-gray-400">Targets</th>
+                <th className="px-4 py-3 text-right font-medium text-gray-400">Providers</th>
                 <th className="px-4 py-3 text-right font-medium text-gray-400">Evals</th>
                 <th className="px-4 py-3 text-right font-medium text-gray-400">Execution Errors</th>
                 <th className="px-4 py-3 font-medium text-gray-400">Pass Rate</th>
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/components/TargetsTab.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/components/TargetsTab.tsx
index e6b795c05..52de26def 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/components/TargetsTab.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/components/TargetsTab.tsx
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ export function TargetsTab({ projectId }: TargetsTabProps = {}) {
   if (error) {
     return (
       <div className="rounded-lg border border-red-900/50 bg-red-950/20 p-6 text-red-400">
-        Failed to load targets: {error.message}
+        Failed to load provider/model labels: {error.message}
       </div>
     );
   }
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ export function TargetsTab({ projectId }: TargetsTabProps = {}) {
   if (targets.length === 0) {
     return (
       <div className="rounded-lg border border-gray-800 bg-gray-900 p-8 text-center">
-        <p className="text-lg text-gray-400">No targets found</p>
+        <p className="text-lg text-gray-400">No provider/model labels found</p>
         <p className="mt-2 text-sm text-gray-500">
-          Targets will appear here once evaluations are run with target labels.
+          Provider/model labels will appear here once evaluations have run.
         </p>
       </div>
     );
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ export function TargetsTab({ projectId }: TargetsTabProps = {}) {
         <table className="min-w-[720px] w-full whitespace-nowrap text-left text-sm">
           <thead className="border-b border-gray-800 bg-gray-900/50">
             <tr>
-              <th className="px-4 py-3 font-medium text-gray-400">Target</th>
+              <th className="px-4 py-3 font-medium text-gray-400">Provider/Model</th>
               <th className="px-4 py-3 text-right font-medium text-gray-400">Runs</th>
               <th className="px-4 py-3 text-right font-medium text-gray-400">Experiments</th>
               <th className="px-4 py-3 font-medium text-gray-400">Pass Rate</th>
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ export function TargetsTab({ projectId }: TargetsTabProps = {}) {
           onClick={() => setSelectedTargetName(null)}
           className="rounded-md px-3 py-1.5 text-sm text-gray-400 transition-colors hover:text-gray-200"
         >
-          ← Back to targets
+          ← Back to providers
         </button>
         <div className="rounded-lg border border-gray-800 bg-gray-900/50 p-4">
           <div className="flex flex-col gap-3 sm:flex-row sm:items-start sm:justify-between">
@@ -203,9 +203,10 @@ export function TargetsTab({ projectId }: TargetsTabProps = {}) {
 
       {experimentGroups.length === 0 ? (
         <div className="rounded-lg border border-gray-800 bg-gray-900 p-8 text-center">
-          <p className="text-lg text-gray-400">No runs found for this target</p>
+          <p className="text-lg text-gray-400">No runs found for this provider/model label</p>
           <p className="mt-2 text-sm text-gray-500">
-            This target summary exists, but there are no matching runs to group by experiment.
+            This provider/model summary exists, but there are no matching runs to group by
+            experiment.
           </p>
         </div>
       ) : (
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/lib/result-table.test.ts b/apps/dashboard/src/lib/result-table.test.ts
index ce3267e39..2e2f4db7c 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/lib/result-table.test.ts
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/lib/result-table.test.ts
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ describe('result-table model', () => {
     ]);
     expect(model.visibleColumns.map((column) => column.id)).toContain('grader:correctness');
     expect(model.columns.find((column) => column.id === 'eval')?.label).toBe('Eval');
+    expect(model.columns.find((column) => column.id === 'target')?.label).toBe('Provider/Model');
     expect(model.rows[0].evalLabel).toBe('evals/dataset.eval.yaml');
   });
 
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/lib/result-table.ts b/apps/dashboard/src/lib/result-table.ts
index 452546edc..582c18f2d 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/lib/result-table.ts
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/lib/result-table.ts
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ function buildColumns(rows: readonly ResultTableRow[], graderOptions: readonly s
       ? [{ id: 'expander', label: 'Expand', kind: 'base' as const, defaultVisible: true }]
       : []),
     { id: 'test', label: 'Test ID', kind: 'base', defaultVisible: true },
-    { id: 'target', label: 'Target', kind: 'base', defaultVisible: true },
+    { id: 'target', label: 'Provider/Model', kind: 'base', defaultVisible: true },
     ...(hasEval
       ? [{ id: 'eval', label: 'Eval', kind: 'base' as const, defaultVisible: true }]
       : []),
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/routes/index.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/routes/index.tsx
index 8d2265c47..dedc6aa6f 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/routes/index.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/routes/index.tsx
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ const tabs: { id: TabId; label: string }[] = [
   { id: 'runs', label: '🏃 Recent Runs' },
   { id: 'tags', label: '🏷️ Tags' },
   { id: 'analytics', label: '📊 Analytics' },
-  { id: 'targets', label: '🤖 Targets' },
+  { id: 'targets', label: '🤖 Providers' },
 ];
 
 export const Route = createFileRoute('/')({
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ function ProjectsDashboard() {
         <div className="rounded-lg border border-gray-800 bg-gray-900/50 p-8 text-center">
           <p className="text-lg text-gray-300">No projects registered yet.</p>
           <p className="mt-2 text-sm text-gray-500">
-            Add a project path to start browsing runs, tags, analytics, and targets.
+            Add a project path to start browsing runs, tags, analytics, and providers.
           </p>
         </div>
       ) : (
diff --git a/apps/dashboard/src/routes/projects/$projectId.tsx b/apps/dashboard/src/routes/projects/$projectId.tsx
index f1bc76b3b..4399f1d59 100644
--- a/apps/dashboard/src/routes/projects/$projectId.tsx
+++ b/apps/dashboard/src/routes/projects/$projectId.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * Project home route: tabbed view (Runs, Tags, Analytics, Targets) scoped to a project.
+ * Project home route: tabbed view (Runs, Tags, Analytics, Providers) scoped to a project.
  *
  * Mirrors the single-project home page but fetches from project-scoped API endpoints.
  */
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const tabs: { id: TabId; label: string; title: string }[] = [
   { id: 'runs', label: '🏃 Recent Runs', title: 'Recent Runs' },
   { id: 'tags', label: '🏷️ Tags', title: 'Tags' },
   { id: 'analytics', label: '📊 Analytics', title: 'Analytics' },
-  { id: 'targets', label: '🤖 Targets', title: 'Targets' },
+  { id: 'targets', label: '🤖 Providers', title: 'Providers' },
 ];
 
 export const Route = createFileRoute('/projects/$projectId')({
diff --git a/apps/web/src/content/docs/docs/next/tools/dashboard.mdx b/apps/web/src/content/docs/docs/next/tools/dashboard.mdx
index 5858e0501..7242197b9 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/content/docs/docs/next/tools/dashboard.mdx
+++ b/apps/web/src/content/docs/docs/next/tools/dashboard.mdx
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import studioRemoteResultsAfterSync from '../../../../../assets/screenshots/stud
 
 The `dashboard` command launches a web-based dashboard for browsing evaluation runs, inspecting individual test results, and reviewing scores. It shows both local runs and runs synced from a remote results repository.
 
-<Image src={studioRunsBench} alt="AgentV Dashboard showing evaluation runs with pass rates, targets, and experiment names" />
+<Image src={studioRunsBench} alt="AgentV Dashboard showing evaluation runs with pass rates, provider/model labels, and experiment names" />
 
 ## Usage
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ indexes into Phoenix.
 
 - **Recent Runs** — table of all evaluation runs with source badge (`local` / `remote`), provider/model label, experiment, timestamp, test count, pass rate, and mean score
 - **Experiments** — group and compare runs by experiment name
-- **Targets** — group runs by provider/model label
+- **Providers** — group runs by provider/model label
 - **Run Detail** — drill into a run to see per-test results, scores, and grader output
 - **Analytics** — provider/model comparison for multi-provider eval runs, an aggregated experiment × provider/model matrix, and a per-run view for selecting individual runs to compare side-by-side with optional retroactive tags. Includes a collapsible charts section with baseline comparison analytics
 - **Remote Results** — sync and browse runs pushed from other machines or CI (see [Remote Results](#remote-results))
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ The **Analytics** tab has two modes: **Aggregated** for the experiment × provid
 
 The default view shows a cross-experiment, cross-provider/model performance matrix. Numbers are colour-coded by pass rate — green (80%+), amber (50–80%), red (below 50%) — and each cell shows `passed/total` and the mean score. Click any cell to expand the per-test-case breakdown.
 
-<Image src={studioAnalyticsAggregated} alt="AgentV Dashboard Analytics tab showing aggregated experiment × target matrix with pass rates for baseline, optimized-prompt, and with-rag across claude-sonnet, gemini-pro, and gpt-4o" />
+<Image src={studioAnalyticsAggregated} alt="AgentV Dashboard Analytics tab showing aggregated experiment by provider/model matrix with pass rates for baseline, optimized-prompt, and with-rag across claude-sonnet, gemini-pro, and gpt-4o" />
 
 Run the same eval against multiple providers or experiment variants, then open the Analytics tab:
 
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ Keep model identity in `providers` and provider `label`s. Use `tags.experiment`
 
 Running the same `(experiment, provider/model label)` twice no longer collapses into a single cell. Switch to **Per run** mode to see every run as its own row, select two or more, and compare them head-to-head.
 
-<Image src={studioComparePerRun} alt="AgentV Dashboard per-run compare mode with a filter-by-tag chip row and individual runs listing timestamp, tags, experiment, target, and pass rate; experiment-prefixed runs surface the experiment name under the timestamp" />
+<Image src={studioComparePerRun} alt="AgentV Dashboard per-run compare mode with a filter-by-tag chip row and individual runs listing timestamp, tags, experiment, provider/model label, and pass rate; experiment-prefixed runs surface the experiment name under the timestamp" />
 
 Use per-run mode when you want to:
 
@@ -192,11 +192,11 @@ The section includes the following visualizations:
 - **Tag × Provider/Model Heatmap** — pass-rate grid across tags and provider/model labels, colour-coded by performance (emerald for high, amber for medium, red for low).
 - **Negative Delta Table** — filtered list of experiment × provider/model pairs that scored worse than the baseline, sorted by largest regression.
 - **Score Distribution** — histogram showing the variance of scores across all test cases, binned by 10% intervals.
-- **Score Trend Over Time** — line chart plotting mean score per target across runs over time, with a colour-coded legend for each target.
+- **Score Trend Over Time** — line chart plotting mean score per provider/model label across runs over time, with a colour-coded legend for each label.
 
-<Image src={studioAnalyticsTrend} alt="AgentV Dashboard analytics showing score distribution histogram and score trend over time line chart with multi-target legend" />
+<Image src={studioAnalyticsTrend} alt="AgentV Dashboard analytics showing score distribution histogram and score trend over time line chart with multi-provider/model legend" />
 
-The baseline comparison is also available via the API: `GET /api/compare?baseline=<target>` adds `delta` and `normalized_gain` fields to each non-baseline cell in the response.
+The baseline comparison is also available via the API: `GET /api/compare?baseline=<target>` adds `delta` and `normalized_gain` fields to each non-baseline provider/model cell in the response.
 
 ## Projects Dashboard