diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index b14683c..8e2b8f1 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
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         "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^7.0.0",
-        "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^1.2.2",
+        "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^4.1.4",
         "@webgpu/types": "^0.1.40",
         "eslint": "^8.57.0",
         "eslint-config-prettier": "^9.1.0",
@@ -29,20 +29,6 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@ampproject/remapping/-/remapping-2.3.0.tgz",
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-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "Apache-2.0",
-      "dependencies": {
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-        "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.24"
-      },
-      "engines": {
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.27.1.tgz",
@@ -94,11 +80,14 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@bcoe/v8-coverage/-/v8-coverage-0.2.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-0hYQ8SB4Db5zvZB4axdMHGwEaQjkZzFjQiN9LVYvIFB2nSUHW9tYpxWriPrWDASIxiaXax83REcLxuSdnGPZtw==",
+      "version": "1.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@bcoe/v8-coverage/-/v8-coverage-1.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-6zABk/ECA/QYSCQ1NGiVwwbQerUCZ+TQbp64Q3AgmfNvurHH0j8TtXa1qbShXA6qqkpAj4V5W8pP6mLe1mcMqA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
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     "node_modules/@esbuild/aix-ppc64": {
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@@ -640,16 +629,6 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@istanbuljs/schema/-/schema-0.1.3.tgz",
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-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=8"
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@jest/schemas/-/schemas-29.6.3.tgz",
@@ -663,17 +642,6 @@
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-    "node_modules/@jridgewell/gen-mapping": {
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jridgewell/gen-mapping/-/gen-mapping-0.3.13.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-2kkt/7niJ6MgEPxF0bYdQ6etZaA+fQvDcLKckhy1yIQOzaoKjBBjSj63/aLVjYE3qhRt5dvM+uUyfCg6UKCBbA==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.5.0",
-        "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.24"
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jridgewell/resolve-uri/-/resolve-uri-3.1.2.tgz",
@@ -1263,33 +1231,58 @@
       "license": "ISC"
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@vitest/coverage-v8/-/coverage-v8-1.6.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-6YeRZwuO4oTGKxD3bijok756oktHSIm3eczVVzNe3scqzuhLwltIF3S9ZL/vwOVIpURmU6SnZhziXXAfw8/Qlw==",
+      "version": "4.1.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@vitest/coverage-v8/-/coverage-v8-4.1.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-x7FptB5oDruxNPDNY2+S8tCh0pcq7ymCe1gTHcsp733jYjrJl8V1gMUlVysuCD9Kz46Xz9t1akkv08dPcYDs1w==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@ampproject/remapping": "^2.2.1",
-        "@bcoe/v8-coverage": "^0.2.3",
-        "debug": "^4.3.4",
+        "@bcoe/v8-coverage": "^1.0.2",
+        "@vitest/utils": "4.1.4",
+        "ast-v8-to-istanbul": "^1.0.0",
         "istanbul-lib-coverage": "^3.2.2",
         "istanbul-lib-report": "^3.0.1",
-        "istanbul-lib-source-maps": "^5.0.4",
-        "istanbul-reports": "^3.1.6",
-        "magic-string": "^0.30.5",
-        "magicast": "^0.3.3",
-        "picocolors": "^1.0.0",
-        "std-env": "^3.5.0",
-        "strip-literal": "^2.0.0",
-        "test-exclude": "^6.0.0"
+        "istanbul-reports": "^3.2.0",
+        "magicast": "^0.5.2",
+        "obug": "^2.1.1",
+        "std-env": "^4.0.0-rc.1",
+        "tinyrainbow": "^3.1.0"
       },
       "funding": {
         "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest"
       },
       "peerDependencies": {
-        "vitest": "1.6.1"
+        "@vitest/browser": "4.1.4",
+        "vitest": "4.1.4"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "@vitest/browser": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@vitest/coverage-v8/node_modules/@vitest/utils": {
+      "version": "4.1.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@vitest/utils/-/utils-4.1.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-13QMT+eysM5uVGa1rG4kegGYNp6cnQcsTc67ELFbhNLQO+vgsygtYJx2khvdt4gVQqSSpC/KT5FZZxUpP3Oatw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@vitest/pretty-format": "4.1.4",
+        "convert-source-map": "^2.0.0",
+        "tinyrainbow": "^3.1.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@vitest/coverage-v8/node_modules/std-env": {
+      "version": "4.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/std-env/-/std-env-4.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Rq7ybcX2RuC55r9oaPVEW7/xu3tj8u4GeBYHBWCychFtzMIr86A7e3PPEBPT37sHStKX3+TiX/Fr/ACmJLVlLQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/@vitest/expect": {
       "version": "1.6.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@vitest/expect/-/expect-1.6.1.tgz",
@@ -1305,6 +1298,19 @@
         "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@vitest/pretty-format": {
+      "version": "4.1.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@vitest/pretty-format/-/pretty-format-4.1.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ddmDHU0gjEUyEVLxtZa7xamrpIefdEETu3nZjWtHeZX4QxqJ7tRxSteHVXJOcr8jhiLoGAhkK4WJ3WqBpjx42A==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "tinyrainbow": "^3.1.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@vitest/runner": {
       "version": "1.6.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@vitest/runner/-/runner-1.6.1.tgz",
@@ -1497,6 +1503,25 @@
         "node": "*"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/ast-v8-to-istanbul": {
+      "version": "1.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ast-v8-to-istanbul/-/ast-v8-to-istanbul-1.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-1fSfIwuDICFA4LKkCzRPO7F0hzFf0B7+Xqrl27ynQaa+Rh0e1Es0v6kWHPott3lU10AyAr7oKHa65OppjLn3Rg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.31",
+        "estree-walker": "^3.0.3",
+        "js-tokens": "^10.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/ast-v8-to-istanbul/node_modules/js-tokens": {
+      "version": "10.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/js-tokens/-/js-tokens-10.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-lM/UBzQmfJRo9ABXbPWemivdCW8V2G8FHaHdypQaIy523snUjog0W71ayWXTjiR+ixeMyVHN2XcpnTd/liPg/Q==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/balanced-match": {
       "version": "1.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/balanced-match/-/balanced-match-1.0.2.tgz",
@@ -1777,6 +1802,13 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/convert-source-map": {
+      "version": "2.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/convert-source-map/-/convert-source-map-2.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Kvp459HrV2FEJ1CAsi1Ku+MY3kasH19TFykTz2xWmMeq6bk2NU3XXvfJ+Q61m0xktWwt+1HSYf3JZsTms3aRJg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/cross-spawn": {
       "version": "7.0.6",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.6.tgz",
@@ -2736,21 +2768,6 @@
         "node": ">=10"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/istanbul-lib-source-maps": {
-      "version": "5.0.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/istanbul-lib-source-maps/-/istanbul-lib-source-maps-5.0.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-yg2d+Em4KizZC5niWhQaIomgf5WlL4vOOjZ5xGCmF8SnPE/mDWWXgvRExdcpCgh9lLRRa1/fSYp2ymmbJ1pI+A==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.23",
-        "debug": "^4.1.1",
-        "istanbul-lib-coverage": "^3.0.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=10"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/istanbul-reports": {
       "version": "3.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/istanbul-reports/-/istanbul-reports-3.2.0.tgz",
@@ -3072,15 +3089,15 @@
       }
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     "node_modules/magicast": {
-      "version": "0.3.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/magicast/-/magicast-0.3.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-L0WhttDl+2BOsybvEOLK7fW3UA0OQ0IQ2d6Zl2x/a6vVRs3bAY0ECOSHHeL5jD+SbOpOCUEi0y1DgHEn9Qn1AQ==",
+      "version": "0.5.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/magicast/-/magicast-0.5.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-E3ZJh4J3S9KfwdjZhe2afj6R9lGIN5Pher1pF39UGrXRqq/VDaGVIGN13BjHd2u8B61hArAGOnso7nBOouW3TQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/parser": "^7.25.4",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.25.4",
-        "source-map-js": "^1.2.0"
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.29.0",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.29.0",
+        "source-map-js": "^1.2.1"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/make-dir": {
@@ -3267,6 +3284,17 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/obug": {
+      "version": "2.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/obug/-/obug-2.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-uTqF9MuPraAQ+IsnPf366RG4cP9RtUi7MLO1N3KEc+wb0a6yKpeL0lmk2IB1jY5KHPAlTc6T/JRdC/YqxHNwkQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        "https://github.com/sponsors/sxzz",
+        "https://opencollective.com/debug"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/once": {
       "version": "1.4.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/once/-/once-1.4.0.tgz",
@@ -4100,45 +4128,6 @@
         "node": ">=8"
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-    "node_modules/test-exclude": {
-      "version": "6.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/test-exclude/-/test-exclude-6.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-cAGWPIyOHU6zlmg88jwm7VRyXnMN7iV68OGAbYDk/Mh/xC/pzVPlQtY6ngoIH/5/tciuhGfvESU8GrHrcxD56w==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "ISC",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@istanbuljs/schema": "^0.1.2",
-        "glob": "^7.1.4",
-        "minimatch": "^3.0.4"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=8"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/test-exclude/node_modules/brace-expansion": {
-      "version": "1.1.12",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.12.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-9T9UjW3r0UW5c1Q7GTwllptXwhvYmEzFhzMfZ9H7FQWt+uZePjZPjBP/W1ZEyZ1twGWom5/56TF4lPcqjnDHcg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "balanced-match": "^1.0.0",
-        "concat-map": "0.0.1"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/test-exclude/node_modules/minimatch": {
-      "version": "3.1.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-3.1.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-VgjWUsnnT6n+NUk6eZq77zeFdpW2LWDzP6zFGrCbHXiYNul5Dzqk2HHQ5uFH2DNW5Xbp8+jVzaeNt94ssEEl4w==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "ISC",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "brace-expansion": "^1.1.7"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": "*"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/text-table": {
       "version": "0.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/text-table/-/text-table-0.2.0.tgz",
@@ -4163,6 +4152,16 @@
         "node": ">=14.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/tinyrainbow": {
+      "version": "3.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tinyrainbow/-/tinyrainbow-3.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Bf+ILmBgretUrdJxzXM0SgXLZ3XfiaUuOj/IKQHuTXip+05Xn+uyEYdVg0kYDipTBcLrCVyUzAPz7QmArb0mmw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/tinyspy": {
       "version": "2.2.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/tinyspy/-/tinyspy-2.2.1.tgz",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index bfed707..660092b 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
   "devDependencies": {
     "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^7.0.0",
     "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^7.0.0",
-    "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^1.2.2",
+    "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^4.1.4",
     "@webgpu/types": "^0.1.40",
     "eslint": "^8.57.0",
     "eslint-config-prettier": "^9.1.0",